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Intro to the Atmosphere Weather: General condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. Climate: General weather conditions over many years. What was the high temperature in January? A)71 B)25 C)20 SMART Response Question To set the properties right click and select SMART Response Question Object->Properties... D) 1 Weather versus Climate Weather Climate ATMOSPHERIC Composition MIXTURE OF GASES COMPOSITION Major 1- 78% Nitrogen 2- 21% Oxygen N2 O2 • Oxygen removed from atmosphere by: (6 ways) living things burning weathering of rocks Question The Most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere is? Nitrogen Oxygen added to atmosphere by one way! Minor but very important 3- .93% Argon Ar 4-.03% Carbon dioxide CO2 5-0-.04% water vapor H2O TRACE ELEMENTS Ne neon He helium H2 hydrogen Kr krypton Xe xenon O3 OZONE- protects us from harmful ultraviolet light Minor but very important: .07 % Atmospheric dust: known as "particulates," although the total suspended particulate matter found in the atmosphere can be both solid particles or liquid droplets. Added: Soil blown by wind Ash from fires Volcanoes Micro organisms Important: Needed for cloud formation Nitrogen activity (cycle) LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE CLASSIFIED BY TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES 1. TROPOSPHERE -greatest air pressure -all clouds and weather -jet stream lies at the top 2. STRATOSPHERE Airplanes fly here (try to) little temperature change has the greatest concentration of the OZONE question Where in our atmosphere does weather occur? Troposphere!!! 3. MESOSPHERE Coldest layer meteors burn up here 4. THERMOSPHERE (ionosphere) “Hottest” layer fewest air particles contains the ionosphere a layer of charged particles reflects radio waves around the world helps to produce the auroras(northern lights) Air pressureweight of the atmosphere 1. Caused by gravity 2. 14.7 lbs/ sq.in at sea level Solar Energy and your atmosphere Electromagnetic spectrum: Complete range of wavelengths. Question: In order for electromagnetic waves (EM) to reach the Earth’s surface what must it travel through first? a)Earth’s Geosphere b)Earth’s Hydrosphere c) Earth’s Atmosphere d)Earth’s Asthenosphere Em waves path to Earth: Nitrogen and Oxygen absorb short wave lengths. X-rays Gamma rays Occurs in Thermosphere and Mesosphere Scattering: water droplets and dust bend rays Pair-share Why is the sky blue? a)Because most of the earth is water so it reflects the blue color b)Scattering of blue wavelengths by water and dust c) Reflection of blue wavelengths from blue surfaces such as our oceans d)It is the color of our atmosphere reflected down from the suns rays Albedo: the fraction of solar radiation reflected by a particular substance. 20% absorbed By atmosphere 30% reflected by clouds or Earth’s surface 50% absorbed by the Earth’s surface Greenhouse effect: Not bad! Helps maintain Earth’s temperature. Greenhouse factors (write under diagrams) Natural Water vapor Water cycle Methane CH4 Breaking down dead organisms Nitrous Oxide N20 Nitrogen cycle Carbon Dioxide CO2 Carbon cycle Anthropogenic Water vapor Over usage/ waste of surface water (steam) Methane Burning/ emissions Nitrous oxide Chemicals Carbon dioxide burning Uneven heating: Maritime/Continental Maritime Regions near water masses. (coastal regions) Continental Regions with large areas of land (mid-west) Clicker Climate change is responsible for warming which layer of Earth’s Atmosphere? a)Troposphere b)Mesosphere c) Stratosphere d)All of the above e)None of the above In your notes: Describe 3 things that influence temperature. Latitude Uneven heating: Maritime/Continental Maritime Regions near water masses. (coastal regions) Continental Regions with large areas of land (mid-west) Factors that affect Temperature Latitude Elevation Maritime Continental Solar energy transfer Radiation Warms solid objects (conduction) Cool gases fall warming the atmosphere Convection Warm gases rise from surface Convection Explain the delay using your diagram Daily...the most intense radiation hits Earth at ______pm, but the warmest time is at _______ pm. Yearly...the most intense radiation hits Earth in _________, but the warmest months are ___________. Diagram and label the fate of solar radiation 1st label the layers of the atmosphere 2nd label how each wavelength of the EM spectrum are affected by those layers Air pollution Any substance in the atmosphere that is harmful to living organisms or to property. Sulfur dioxide Carbon monoxide Lead Hydrocarbons Burning coal
