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4-1 The Rock Cycle
Every trip is unique.
Processes that shape the Earth:
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1--weathering (from water, wind, ice, and heat)—
break down and wearing away of rocks into
sediments
 2--erosion (water, wind, ice, gravity)—sediments
are moved
 3--deposition—sediments are dropped and collect
(builds up land)
 4--heat
• melting and cooling from magma/lava
• a little leads to metamorphism
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5--pressure—buried sediment is squeezed by the
weight of the overlying layers (compacting)
 6--uplift—rocks are pushed up to the surface
(where weathering and erosion begins)
Questions:
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Which processes was responsible for producing
the Grand Canyon?
>>>>weathering and erosion
A landslide is an example of erosion caused by _
>>>>gravity
What causes a sand dune to move from one
place to another?
>>>>>>wind (sometimes hurricane storm
surge)
It has taken almost 2 ________year to create the
Grand Canyon in Arizona.
>>>>>billion
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How long would it take to go through the rock
cycle?
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>>millions of years!
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Why are metamorphic rocks rarely formed near
the earth’s surface?
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>>not enough heat and pressure
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Why is the rock cycle most active at continental
plate boundaries?
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>>plenty of heat and pressure
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Why are most of the earth’s rocks much younger
than the earth as a whole?
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>>rocks get recycled
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How did the Grand Canyon form? (it’s 1,600
meters deep over 2 billion years old)
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>>>Colorado River (weathering and erosion)
Chapter 4 QUESTIONS:
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Igneous rock forms when
• a. magma cools and hardens
• b. minerals crystallize out of water
• c. heat and pressure change the composition
and texture of a rock
• d. natural cement binds rock fragments
together
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Rock in which the composition and texture of the
rock have been changed by heat and pressure is
call _____________ rock.
 metamorphic
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Volcanic activity on Earth’s surface most likely
results in the formation of which of the following
types of rock?
• a. intrusive igneous rock
• b. extrusive igneous rock
• c. clastic sedimentary rock
• d. chemical sedimentary rock
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A ___________ ____________ rock
forms when rock fragments are cemented
together by a mineral such as calcite or
quartz.
clastic sedimentary
Which process forms sediments?
weathering
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Buried rock is exposed at Earth’s surface by
the combination of which two processes?
uplift and erosion (possibly plate tectonics)
Stratification (layering) occurs as the result
of which of the following processes?
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a. the cooling and solidification of magma
b. the partial or complete melting of rock
c. the deformation of rock by heat and pressure
d. the deposition of sediments in a body of
water
Which of the following statements is the best
summary of the rock cycle?
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A. Rocks deep below ground rise to the surface,
are moved back underground, then rise to the
surface again.
 B. Igneous rock and sedimentary rock change to
metamorphic rock.
 C. The rock cycle has a single pathway from one
type of rock to another type of rock.
 D. Every type of rock can be changed into every
other type of rock. The type of rock that forms
depends on the condition that affect the rock.
What type of rock forms when heat and pressure
change the structure, texture, and/or composition of
sedimentary rock (or any other type of rock)?
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Clastic