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From gene to protein *Gene DNA RNA Protein Replication Transcription Translation DNA as the Genetic Material The flow of information: 1. Storage 2. Replication 3. Expression *Transcription *Translation Phenotype Review nucleotide structure: Structural analysis of DNA DNA Replication and Synthesis •Complementarity •”It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism … “ •Mode of DNA Replication Semiconservative *Overview: DNA replication *Complementarity determines which nucleotide will be added *Chain elongation in a 5’-to-3’ direction Initiation *Strands must separate •Helicases •SSBPs •DNA gyrase *Primase *Two strands of a double helix are antiparallel •Continuous DNA synthesis = leading •Discontinuous DNA synthesis = lagging A large team of enzymes carry out DNA replication: •Helicases •SSBPs •DNA gyrase Elongation: •Association of polymerase •Sliding clamp •Primase •DNA synthesis (DNA pol) •Primer removal and replacement (DNA pol) •Ligase closes the gaps The Molecular Basis of Heredity The Flow of Genetic Information in the Cell The Genetic Code
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