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HISTORY
• The term "proteomics" was first coined in 1997 to
make an analogy with genomics, the study of
the genes.
• Proteome = protein + genome
• The word "proteome" is a blend of "protein" and
"genome", and was coined by Marc Wilkins in
1994 while working on the concept as a PhD
student.
What is proteomics ?
• Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins,
particularly their structures and functions.
• It include large scale characterization of
proteins .
• Proteomics is very important because it helps
in study of proteins which are responsible for
phenotype of cells.
• Aim of proteomics is to create a 3-d map of cell
indicating where proteins are located.
• The proteome is the entire set
of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue
or organism and proteome is dynamic
Identifying disease specific proteins ,compare protein expression of
Drug proteomes,for instance cell of cancer and normal cells can be
different
Proteolysis,glycosylation,pho
discovery,
analysed
sphorylation
Drug
targets
Expression
proteomics
Post translational
modifications
Proteome
mining
proteomics
Protein-protein
interactions
Functional
proteomics
Structural
proteomics
Protein functions,
analyse protein network,
identifying novel proteins
Protein
complexes,organelle
composition,subproteome
composition
Application of proteomics
PROTEIN BASED PRODUCTS
DISCOVERED
BLOOD PRODUCTS AND VACCINES
THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES AND ENZYMES
THERAPEUTIC HORMONES
REGULATORY FACTORS LIKE CYTOKINES INCLUDING
INTERFERONS,TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR. ALPHA
INTERFERON IS USED FOR HEPATITIS C THESE DAYS,BETA FOR
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND GAMMA FOR CHRONIC
GANULOMATOUS DISEASE
INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES
FUNCTIONAL NON CATALYTIC PROTEINS LIKE KAPPA CASEIN HELPS IN
MICELLE STABILIZATION OF MILK PROTEINS.
THESE PROTEINS RESPONSIBLE FOR AROMA ,FLAVOUR OF SOME
BEVERAGES
Neutraceutical proteins=proteins
with therapeutic values
for example
Lactose free
milk,
Curd used as a
probiotic
Whey
protein
Infant food
formulation is done
as it contains
beneficial
bacteria
colonising the
intestinal tract
Therapeutic uses of whey protein
The search has shown that :
It results in the elevation of a tripeptide
called glutathionine in cells
Urea leading to
ItA-lactalbumin
is a reducing compound
Chloride
B-lactoglobulin
Glycomacropeptides
detoxification
of xenobiotics
and protection
of
Phosphate
Bovine serum albumin
factor
cells against oxygenGrowth
intermediates
and free
Sulfate
Immunoglobulins
Lactose
Citrate
radicals
Lactoferrins
Sialic acis lactic acid
Heavy metals
The
constituents
of
whey
are:
Lactoperoxidase
Sodium
Whey components
Protease
Potassium calcium
Free amino acids
magnesium
Milk fat globule free fat
Lipo protein
Novel proteins
Since proteins are the main molecules which provide
stimulus to immunity so proteins are engineered having
minimum deleterious effects.
The specific sequence of amino acids in the protein which
stimulate immune response are known as epitopes.
Recombinant vaccines based on epitopes are made with
optimal design to make a safe vaccine
These days subunit vaccine against Hepatitis b virus (hbv)
infection
And BCCA
BCCA are branched chain
amino acids released during
exercise from muscle the
carbon part used as a fuel
and nitrogen part makes
alanine which goes to liver
where it turns into glucose
for energy so athletes these
days take BCCA before and
after exercised
conclusion
Study of proteins is very important because:
•They have lot of functions as mentioned in ppt
•One main important reason is that relation
between proteins and genes is non linear
•Why ?
•Because mRNA analysis does not provide
relation about protein expressions
•Formation of mRNA is only first step in
protein synthesis now this mRNA
undergoes various post transcriptional
modifications which leads to :
•Generation of various proteins from a
single gene
•So more proteins are their and their
expressions should be studied to explore
new discoveries
thankyou