Download Unit 1: Science, Technology and Engineering

Unit 1: Science, Technology and
Engineering
Lesson 5:
“The Engineering Design Process”
Pg. 60-71
Engage Your Brain
• How are engineers similar to scientists?
Engage Your Brain
• How are engineers similar to scientists?
– Engineers use different scientific methods when
investigating something or developing a product.
They both use science and math.
Engage Your Brain
• What are some examples of the scientific
methods?
Engage Your Brain
• What are some examples of the scientific
methods?
– Asking questions
– Developing hypotheses
– Gathering and analyzing data
– Drawing conclusions
STEM Cards
• You will be divided into four groups.
• One group will receive cards with the letter “S,” one with the
letter “T,” one with the letter “E,” and one with the letter “M.”
• STEM stands for “Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics.”
• After receiving the cards, you will be given 10 minutes to find a
student with a letter different from yours.
• The two of you should then write a sentence on your cards
explaining how you two terms are related.
• Next, the two of you separate and find another student with
another letter different from yours and write another sentence
on your card explaining how the two terms are related.
• Continue until you have matched up with three students.
• I will be asking you to share your sentences with the class.
Essential Question
• By the end of this lesson you should be able to
answer the following question:
– What is the engineering design process?
Comparing Goals of Science to Goals
of Engineering
• What is engineering?
Comparing Goals of Science to Goals
of Engineering
• What is engineering?
– The use of scientific and mathematical knowledge
to solve practical problems
Comparing Goals of Science to Goals
of Engineering
• What is engineering?
– The use of scientific and mathematical knowledge
to solve practical problems
• What is the goal of engineering?
Comparing Goals of Science to Goals
of Engineering
• What is engineering?
– The use of scientific and mathematical knowledge
to solve practical problems
• What is the goal of engineering?
– To meet the needs of society
Comparing Goals of Science to Goals
of Engineering
• What is engineering?
– The use of scientific and mathematical knowledge
to solve practical problems
• What is the goal of engineering?
– To meet the needs of society
• What is the goal of science?
Comparing Goals of Science to Goals
of Engineering
• What is engineering?
– The use of scientific and mathematical knowledge
to solve practical problems
• What is the goal of engineering?
– To meet the needs of society
• What is the goal of science?
– To understand the natural world
How is Technology Used in Scientific
Investigations?
• Scientists and engineers design specialized
technologies for investigations that focus on
things that are very big or small, or located in
places that are hard to reach.
• What are some examples of technologies used
by scientists and engineers under these
circumstances?
How is Technology Used in Scientific
Investigations?
• Scientists and engineers design specialized
technologies for investigations that focus on
things that are very big or small, or located in
places that are hard to reach.
• What are some examples of technologies used by
scientists and engineers under these
circumstances?
– Microscopes to study bacteria
– Astronomers collecting images from deep space using
probes with digital cameras
How is Technology Used in Scientific
Investigations?
• What is one example of how technology used
in science investigations has improved human
health?
How is Technology Used in Scientific
Investigations?
• What is one example of how technology used
in science investigations has improved human
health?
– Example: Microscopes have allowed scientists to
learn more about bacteria, which in turn has led
to better methods of preventing and treating
disease.
Skills Needed for Engineering Design
• Reminder: The goal of engineering design is to
meet people’s needs.
• Engineering design takes a set of skills that
work together. What are these skills?
Skills Needed for Engineering Design
• Reminder: The goal of engineering design is to
meet people’s needs.
• Engineering design takes a set of skills that
work together. What are these skills?
– Research skills
– Technical skills
– Thinking skills
Research Skills
• Engineers must learn all they can about the
problem they want to solve.
• What does research include?
Research Skills
• Engineers must learn all they can about the
problem they want to solve.
• What does research include?
– Determining how similar problems were tackled in
the past.
– Whether other solution attempts were successful
and how to adapt them to the current problem.
– Examining new scientific research to build upon
existing approaches.
Technical Skills
• Engineers must apply technical skills in math
and science to solve practical problems.
• Based upon your reading, what is one
example of an engineer applying technical
skills to solve practical problems?
Technical Skills
• Engineers must apply technical skills in math and
science to solve practical problems.
• Based upon your reading, what is one example of
an engineer applying technical skills to solve
practical problems?
– When an engineer builds a bridge they must
determine how much weight a bridge can bear, which
requires knowledge of materials and structure as well
as the ability to perform complex calculations.
Technical Skills
• Technical skill involves knowing how to build
prototypes.
• What are prototypes?
Technical Skills
• Technical skill involves knowing how to build
prototypes.
• What are prototypes?
– Special models used to test a product
Thinking Skills
• Engineers must be able to think both
methodically and creatively. Why?
Thinking Skills
• Engineers must be able to think both
methodically and creatively. Why?
– Methodical and orderly thinking is crucial in
following the steps of the design process.
– Finding new and different ways to solve a problem
requires creativity.
Steps of the Design Process
• There are six steps in the engineering design
process. What are they?
Steps of the Design Process
• There are six steps in the engineering design
process. What are they?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Identifying a need
Conducting research
Brainstorming and selecting solutions
Building a prototype
Testing, evaluating and redesigning a prototype
Communicating results
Steps of the Design Process
• Is the design process usually carried out
individually or in teams?
Steps of the Design Process
• Is the design process usually carried out
individually or in teams?
– People using the design process often work in
teams.
1) Identifying a Need
• What questions do engineers ask when
identifying a need?
1) Identifying a Need
• What questions do engineers ask when
identifying a need?
– What is the problem?
– Who does it affect?
– Why must it be solved?
2) Conducting Research
• What does a design team seek to learn when
conducting research?
2) Conducting Research
• What does a design team seek to learn when
conducting research?
– They want to learn as much as they can about the
specific need or problem. This includes learning
about similar problems and the solutions that
have been tried.
3) Brainstorming and Selecting
Solutions
• What is the goal of brainstorming and
selecting solutions?
3) Brainstorming and Selecting
Solutions
• What is the goal of brainstorming and
selecting solutions?
– To come up with as many engineering design
solutions as possible
3) Brainstorming and Selecting
Solutions
• What is the goal of brainstorming and
selecting solutions?
– To come up with as many engineering design
solutions as possible
• How is this accomplished by the engineering
design team?
– The team discusses all ideas
– The team selects the best solution
4) Building a Prototype
• Design team uses the prototype as a working
model to test and evaluate how well the
model works under real-life conditions
4) Building a Prototype
• Design team uses the prototype as a working
model to test and evaluate how well the
model works under real-life conditions
• What does it mean to say that a prototype is a
working model?
4) Building a Prototype
• Design team uses the prototype as a working
model to test and evaluate how well the
model works under real-life conditions
• What does it mean to say that a prototype is a
working model?
– Prototypes usually don’t work perfectly right
away. They are often revised multiple times.
5) Testing, Evaluating, and Redesigning
a Prototype
• Prototypes are tested, evaluated, and
redesigned over and over again until the
prototype addresses the need.
6) Communicating Results
• Notes and solutions are reported to others so
they can duplicate the results.
Engineering Design Process
• Why is it important to conduct research
before brainstorming and seeking solutions?
Engineering Design Process
• Why is it important to conduct research
before brainstorming and seeking solutions?
– Research provides information about similar
problems and their solutions; brainstorming
provides many creative ideas.
Engineering Design Process
• Why is it important to test a prototype before
communicating the solution?
Engineering Design Process
• Why is it important to test a prototype before
communicating the solution?
– A prototype usually does not work perfectly right
away and will need to be changed and/or
improved.
How Does the Engineering Design
Process Work?
• Look at the chart on page 90.
How Does the Engineering Design
Process Work?
• In this chart, why do some steps have arrows
pointing both to and from?
How Does the Engineering Design
Process Work?
• In this chart, why do some steps have arrows
pointing both to and from?
– Sometimes it is necessary to go back and forth
between the steps rather than proceeding in a
straight line.
How Does the Engineering Design
Process Work?
• What two steps always occur in order during
the design process?
How Does the Engineering Design
Process Work?
• What two steps always occur in order during
the design process?
– The prototype is built, and then the prototype is
evaluated, tested, and redesigned.
How Does the Engineering Design
Process Work?
• Why is the ability to brainstorm solutions
particularly important during the engineering
design process?
How Does the Engineering Design
Process Work?
• Why is the ability to brainstorm solutions
particularly important during the engineering
design process?
– Many steps in the design process can lead back to
the brainstorming solutions step; the step is
particularly important because it might be used
many times during the development of a single
solution.