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FNU 111
PRINCIPLES OF
NUTRITION
Dr. Hanan J.
TEXT BOOK
Dr. Hanan J.
CH1- THE ROLE OF
NUTRITION IN OUR HEALTH
• What is Nutrition
• Nutrition and Health
• What are Nutrients
• How much do we need
• Who do we believe and trust
Dr. Hanan J.
WHAT IS NUTRITION
• Nutrition: the study of food, including
• How food nourishes our bodies
• How food influences our health
• Nutrition is a relatively new discipline of
science
• Nutrition research focuses on
supporting wellness and preventing and
treating chronic diseases
Dr. Hanan J.
WHY IS NUTRITION
IMPORTANT
• Nutrition contributes to wellness
• Wellness: the absence of disease
• Physical, emotional, social, occupational,
and spiritual health
• Critical components of wellness
• Nutrition
• Physical activity
Dr. Hanan J.
WHY IS NUTRITION IMPORTANT
Nutrition encompasses the following
aspects of food
• Consumption
• Digestion
• Absorption
•Metabolism
• Storage
• Excretion
Dr. Hanan J.
WHY IS NUTRITION IMPORTANTCONT’D
Nutrition also studies these
aspects of food
•Psychological
• Food safety
• Global food supply
•Cultural
Dr. Hanan J.
WHY IS NUTRITION IMPORTANTCONT’D
• Physical Health
• Nutrition
• Physical Activity
• Spiritual Health- values and beliefs
• Emotional Health
• Positive feeling about self and life
• Social Health
• Family, community and social environment
• Occupational health
Dr. Hanan J.
WHY IS NUTRITION IMPORTANTCONT’D
Nutrition can prevent disease
• Nutrient-deficiency diseases: scurvy,
goiter, rickets
•Diseases influenced by nutrition:
chronic diseases such as heart
disease
•Diseases in which nutrition plays a
role: osteoarthritis, osteoporosis
Dr. Hanan J.
Dr. Hanan J.
NUTRITION GOALS
• Nutrition is so important that it
has become a
• national goal
• Goals of Healthy People 2010
• 1. Increase quality and years of
healthy life
• 2. Eliminate health disparity
Dr. Hanan J.
WHAT ARE NUTRIENTS
• Nutrients: the chemicals in foods that
are critical to human growth and
function
• There are six groups of essential
nutrients found in foods:
• 1- carbohydrates
4-vitamins
• 2- fats and oils
5-minerals
• 3- proteins
6-water
Dr. Hanan J.
Dr. Hanan J.
WHAT ARE NUTRIENTS?
CONT’D
• Macronutrients: nutrients required
in relatively large amounts (g or Kg)
• Provide energy
• Carbohydrates, fats and oils, proteins
• Micronutrients: nutrients required
in smaller
• amounts (mico-g or mg)
• Vitamins and minerals
Dr. Hanan J.
ENERGY FROM NUTRIENTS
We measure energy in kilocalories (kcal)
Kilocalorie: amount of energy required
to raise the temperature of 1 g of water
by 1°C
On food labels, “calorie” actually refers
to kilocalories
Dr. Hanan J.
CARBOHYDRATES
•Primary source of fuel for the body,
especially for the brain
•Provide 4 kcal per gram
• Found in grains (wheat, rice),
vegetables, fruits, and legumes
Dr. Hanan J.
FATS AND OILS
• Composed of lipids, molecules that are
insoluble in water
• Provide 9 kcal per gram
• Important energy source during rest or
low-intensity exercise
• Found in butter, margarine, vegetable
oils
• Source of fat-soluble vitamins and
essential fatty acids
Dr. Hanan J.
PROTEINS
•Chains of amino acids
• Can supply 4 kcal of energy per gram,
but are not a primary energy source
• Important source of nitrogen
Dr. Hanan J.
PROTEINS-CONT’D
Proteins are important for
• Building cells and tissues
• Maintaining bones
• Repairing damage
• Regulating metabolism
• Fluid balance
Protein sources include meats, dairy
products, seeds, nuts, and legumes
Dr. Hanan J.
MICRONUTRIENTS
• Vitamins and minerals are known as
micronutrients
• Vitamins: organic molecules that assist
in regulating body processes
• Vitamins are micronutrients that do not
supply energy to our bodies
1. Fat-soluble vitamins
2. Water-soluble vitamins
Dr. Hanan J.
VITAMINS
• Fat-soluble vitamins
• Vitamins A, D, E, and K
• Dissolve easily in fats and oils
• Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the
body
• Toxicity can occur
Dr. Hanan J.
VITAMINS-CONT’D
• Water-soluble vitamins
• Vitamin C and the B vitamins
• Remain dissolved in water
• Excess water-soluble vitamins are
eliminated by the kidneys and cannot be
stored in our bodies
Dr. Hanan J.
MINERALS
• Minerals: inorganic substances required
for body processes
• Minerals include sodium, calcium, iron,
potassium, and magnesium
• Minerals have many different functions,
such as fluid regulation, bone structure,
muscle movement, and nerve
functioning
Dr. Hanan J.
WATER
• Water is a critical nutrient for health and
survival
• Water is involved in many body
processes:
fluid balance
nutrient transport
nerve impulse
removal of wastes
muscle contractions chemical reactions
and many, many more…
Dr. Hanan J.
REVIEW Q
Nutrition is:
a) a relatively new scientific discipline.
b) the science that studies food and how food
nourishes our bodies and contributes to our
health.
c) one of the dimensions of wellness.
d) all of the above.
Dr. Hanan J.
REVIEW Q
My diet shows that I have consumed 2,200
calories and 65 grams of protein. How many
calories are from protein?
a) 455 calories
b) 260 calories
c) 585 calories
d) 65 calories
Dr. Hanan J.
REVIEW Q
Which macronutrients are primarily for
energy?
a) Proteins and fats
b) Carbohydrates and proteins
c) Carbohydrates and fats
d) Fats and vitamins
Dr. Hanan J.