Download The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific
Revolution
Before: Skim and Scan
Section 2 and write a 30
word prediction.
Chapter 18 Section 2 Questions
1. In the 1400s, Europe’s scientific knowledge
expanded because of _____________.
2. Early scientist ________ theorized that the
planets moved in an elliptic path around the
sun.
3. In 1632, the Roman Catholic Church condemned
the ideas of the Italian scientist _____________.
4. “I think, therefore I am” was written by ______.
5. The English thinker _________ developed what
is known as the scientific method.
The Scientific Method
What was most interesting about this?
Why?
The Scientific Method
OBSERVE some aspect of the universe.
What was most interesting about this?
Why?
The Scientific Method
OBSERVE some aspect of the universe.
HYPOTHESIZE about what you observed.
What was most interesting about this?
Why?
The Scientific Method
OBSERVE some aspect of the universe.
HYPOTHESIZE about what you observed.
PREDICT something based on your hypothesis.
What was most interesting about this?
Why?
The Scientific Method
OBSERVE some aspect of the universe.
HYPOTHESIZE about what you observed.
PREDICT something based on your hypothesis.
TEST your predictions through experiments and
observations
What was most interesting about this?
Why?
The Scientific Method
OBSERVE some aspect of the universe.
HYPOTHESIZE about what you observed.
PREDICT something based on your hypothesis.
TEST your predictions through experiments and
observations
MODIFY hypothesis in light of results.
What was most interesting about this?
Why?
The Scientific Revolution
• Mathematics, Astronomy, & Medicine
were 3 of the earliest sciences.
• The Greeks used theories to
understand nature, but they did not
experiment with ideas.
• Aristotle observed nature and
classified information about animals
and plants.
The Scientific Revolution
• Ptolemy believed the earth was the center of
the universe.
• During the middle ages people were more
interested with the study of God than science.
• The Islamic Empire preserved science from
ancient civilizations. They were later translated
into Latin.
• Universities & Exploration added to scientific
knowledge.
A Revolution in Astronomy
• Astronomy was the 1st science affected by the
Scientific Revolution.
• Copernicus – believed the sun was the center of
the universe.
• Kepler – believed the planets moved in ellipses
or oval paths.
• Galileo – objects of different weights fall at the
same speed. Improved the telescope. He was
tried for heresy by the Roman Catholic Church
New Scientific Discoveries
• Newton – proposed the law of gravitation, which
explains how the solar system stays together.
• Andreas Vesalius – dissected human bodies for
scientific study.
• Robert Hooke – discovered cells using a
microscope.
• Robert Boyle – all substances were made up of
basic elements.
• Antoine Lavoisier – oxygen is required for objects
to burn.
The Triumph over Reason
• Descartes – wrote Discourse on Method. The
book discussed the problem of knowing truth &
the idea that all scientific stemmed from
mathematics.
• Rationalism – the belief that reason is the
source of knowledge.
• Francis Bacon – developed the scientific
method.
• Hypothesis – explanation of the facts based on
observations.
IDEAS FORM THE
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Suncentered
Solar System
IDEAS FORM THE
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Suncentered
Solar System
Elliptical
Orbits
IDEAS FORM THE
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Suncentered
Solar System
Elliptical
Orbits
IDEAS FORM THE
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Universal
Law of
Gravitation
Suncentered
Solar System
Elliptical
Orbits
IDEAS FORM THE
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Blood flows
through the
body
Universal
Law of
Gravitation
Suncentered
Solar System
Elliptical
Orbits
IDEAS FORM THE
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Blood flows
through the
body
Cells make
up living
material
Universal
Law of
Gravitation
Suncentered
Solar System
Elliptical
Orbits
Universal
Law of
Gravitation
IDEAS FORM THE
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Blood flows
through the
body
Cells make
up living
material
Materials
need oxygen
for fire
Chapter 18 Section 2
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Nicolaus
Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler
William Harvey
1473 – 1543
1564 – 1642
1571 – 1630
1578 – 1657
Poland
Italy
Germany
England
Earth orbited the Sun;
Earth rotates on its
axis.
Other planets have
moons.
Planets have
elliptical orbits.
Heart pumps
blood.
Robert Hooke
Robert Boyle
Isaac Newton
Antoine Lavoisier
1635 – 1703
1627 – 1692
1643 – 1727
1743 – 1794
England
Ireland
England
France
Cells.
Air is made of
gases.
Gravity; laws of
motion; calculus.
How materials
burn.
During the Scientific Revolution scientists made discoveries in many fields, such as astronomy and medicine.