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Photosynthesis
• Defined: Process that captures solar energy to make sugars
• Endothermic reaction: Reaction
that absorbs energy (sunlight)
• Who: Producers/Autotrophs
(Plants, algae, bacteria)
• Where: Chloroplasts
1) Granum (pl. Grana)
– Stacks of disked shaped
structures called
thylakoids that house
chlorophyll
2) Stroma
– Fluid that surrounds the grana.
– Similar to the cell’s cytoplasm
• End Result: Sugar & oxygen as waste
Light Absorption
• Sun gives off visible light
– Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
• We see reflected light
– Red objects = reflect red light
– Blue objects = reflect blue light
Prism
Which color(s) are being reflected?
Yellow
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
Red, Orange, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
Which color(s) are being reflected?
Blue
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Indigo, Violet
Which color(s) are being reflected?
None…Black is the absence of light
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
All….ROYGBIV
Which color(s) are being reflected?
All…ROYGBIV
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
None
Which color(s) are being reflected?
Green
Which color(s) are being absorbed?
Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Indigo, Violet
Light Absorption
Green reflected
Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Violet
absorbed into the leaf
• With leaves, green light reflected
– That’s why leaves look green
– Green light not used by plants
• Reds and blues most used in photosynthesis
Stage 1: Light Dependent (Light Reactions)
Thylakoid Membrane
ATP
H
2O
ATP
H
2O
Thylakoid
Membrane
ATP
H2O
ATP
H2O
Thylakoid
Membrane
H
ATP
2O
H
ATP
2O
• Where: Thylakoid membranes of chloroplast
• What happens?
1) Sunlight converted into ATP energy
2) Water (H2O) broken apart
• Hydrogen kept for later use; Oxygen is released as a waste
• End result: ATP (transferred to the light-independent rxns), H2, Oxygen
Stage 1: Light Dependent (Light Reactions)
What is used during the
light dependent stage?
What is created during the
light dependent stage?
Stage 2: Light Independent (Dark Reactions)
CO
C
O2
H2
ATP
CO
C
O2
H62H12O6 H2
C
CO
C
O2
ATP
CO
C
O2
ATP
C6H12O6
CO
O2
ATP C
C6H12O6
H2
ATP
CO
C
O2
ATP
C6HH212O6
H2
• Where: Stroma (fluid interior) of chloroplast
• What happens?
– CO2 taken in
– ATP breaks apart CO2 + H2
– C’s, O’s, and H’s recombine into C6H12O6 (Glucose)
Stage 2: Light Independent (Dark Reactions)
What is used during the
light independent stage?
What is created during the
light independent stage?
The equation for the overall process of
photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Granum (stack of thylakoids)
1
6H2O
6O2
2
Thylakoid
energy
Stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)
6CO2
3
4
Chloroplast
C6H12O6 = 1 six-carbon sugar
Connection between photosynthesis & respiration
Plant Cell
glucose
chloroplast
glucose
chloroplast
ATP
mitochondria
ATP
mitochondria
• In Plants
– Create glucose through photosynthesis
– Glucose is used to make ATP through cellular respiration
Connection between photosynthesis & respiration
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Glucose
mitochondria
(from
food)
ATP
chloroplast
glucose
glucose
glucose
Glucose
Glucose
Glucose
• In Animals
– Plants create glucose through photosynthesis
– Animals eat the plants
– Glucose is used to make ATP through cellular respiration
REview
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Which color(s) is/are absorbed by a typical red apple?
Which color(s) is/are reflected by a typical red apple?
What is a producer/autotroph?
What is used during the light dependent reactions?
What created during the light dependent reactions?
What is used during the light independent reactions?
What created during the light independent reactions?
True or False: Plants are the only photosynthetic
organisms.