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PORTUGAL By: Mary Feit, Oscar Juarez, Brenda Martinez and Xochytl Nuñez OBJECTIVE ONE: WHAT LED TO EUROPEAN EXPLORATION Desire for new sources of wealth (main reason) Trade of spices and luxury goods from Asia Introduced during the crusades fought between Christians and Muslims After the crusades Europeans still wanted spices EUROPEANS SEEKING NEW TRADES ROUTES Desire for new sources of wealth main reason for exploration. Trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asia was what merchants and traders hoped to profit from. Types of spices demanded were; nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper because they added flavor to food. Asians Muslims Italians Other Europeans BARTOLOMEU DIAS Early Portuguese explorer The first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa Set sail in 1487 His voyage opened the saw route to Asia through the Atlantic & Indian Ocean He was the last at sea when he reached the Cape of Good Hope “To serve God and His Majesty to give light to those who are in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.” CHRISTIANITY AND EXPLORATION Desire to spread Christianity also motivated Europeans to explore European countries believed they were obliged to convert non- Christians around the world Not only did they wants goods from Asia they also hoped to convert them. OBJECTIVE TWO: PORTUGAL’S DISCOVERY OF A SEA ROUTE TO ASIA Prince Henry took lead Began in 1415 Where he helped conquer Muslim city in North Africa. That’s when it all started he got a glimpse at it and found gold and many more spices that he could use back at home. PRINCE HENRY Called the navigator, the son of Portugal’s King, Consumed by the quest to find new lands and spread Christianity Used his own fortune to organize voyages He died in debt The Portuguese spent crown spent more than 60 years paying of his debts. Helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa VASCO DE GAMA Portuguese explorer Commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India He filled his ships with spices like pepper and cinnamon and returned in 1499 His voyage of 27,000 miles gave Portugal a direct sea route to India PORTUGAL’S TRADING EMPIRE Portugal built a trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean In 1509, Portugal took control of the spice trade from the Muslim merchants Portugal broke the old Muslim-Italian domination on trade from the East, to the benefit of the Europeans. Portuguese merchants brought back Asian goods at about one-fifth of the price compared to the cost when purchased through the Arabs and Italians. As a result, items were more affordable for more Europeans OBJECTIVE THREE: THE RIVALRY BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL AND HOW THE POPE RESOLVED IT Spain was jealous of Portugal because of how advanced they were becoming. So they also wanted a direct route to Asia. Tried to compete in Africa and Asia but they couldn’t then Columbus accidently found America. Portuguese were worried that Spain had found Asia and tensions got worse Pope Alexander VI made the Treaty of Tordesillas FERDINAND MAGELLAN Portuguese explorer He worked under King Charles I of Spain to find a westward route to the Spice Islands. He led the first expedition to cross the Pacific Ocean and to circumnavigate the world. TREATY OF TORDESILLAS Signed on June 7, 1494. It divided all of the lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal. The line of demarcation was made halfway between the Cape Verde islands and the islands discovered by Christopher Columbus. TECHNOLOGY/TOOLS IN EXPLORATION Advance in technology New Vessel called Caravel adopted from the Arabs. Triangular sails for maneuverability and square sails for power. Used the astrolabe to better their location and direction. A Chinese invention that Muslims perfected PORTUGUESE IN AFRICA In 1415, Prince Henry conquered the city of Ceuta in North Africa In Ceuta, the Portuguese found pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and other spices as well as gold, silver, and jewels. In 1460, the Portuguese had established trading posts along western Africa’s shores. Eventually, they began to trade African captives to be used as slaves PORTUGUESE IN BRAZIL In 1500, Cabral claimed the land of Brazil for Portugal. The colonists began settling Brazil’s costal region in the 1530s. The settlers began to grow sugar on giant sugar plantations. Europe had a high demand for sugar In time, the colonists pushed farther west into Brazil, giving them even more land for the production of sugar. WORKS CITED "Bartolomeu Dias." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Apr. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias>. "Prince Henry of Portugal." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_Portugal>. "Vasco De Gama." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Jan. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_de_gama>. "Treaty of Tordesillas." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_tordesillas>. "Ferdinand Magellan." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_magellan>. Beck, Roger B. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2009. Print.
