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BIO 139
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY II
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB
ANALOGY PAGES 248-265
MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D.
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
• ALIMENTARY
• ACCESSORY
CANAL
ORGANS
– MOUTH
– SALIVARY
GLANDS
– PHARYNX
– PANCREAS
– ESOPHAGUS
– LIVER
– STOMACH
– GALLBLADDER
– SMALL
INTESTINE
– LARGE
INTESTINE Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
FUNCTION
– BREAKDOWN FOOD INTO
SUBSTANCES THAT CAN BE
ABSORBED (FOR CELLULAR
RESPRIATION = ENERGY)
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
ALIMENTARY CANAL
FROM MOUTH TO ANUS
CHARACTERISTIC WALL STRUCTURE
SPHINCTER MUSCLES BETWEEN ORGANS
MOVEMENT OF FOOD BY PERISTALSIS
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ALIMENTARY WALL STRUCTURE
•
•
•
•
MUCOSA
SUBMUCOSA
MUSCULARIS
SEROSA
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SPHINCTER MUSCLES
• PREVENT REGURGITATION OF FOOD
– GASTROESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
– PYLORIC SPHINCTER
– ILEOCECAL VALVE
– ANAL SPHINCTERS
• INTERNAL
• EXTERNAL
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
MOVEMENTS THROUGH
THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
MIXING
PERISTALSIS
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ORGANS OF THE
ALIMENTARY CANAL
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THE MOUTH
SITE OF MECHANICAL DIGESTION;
THE FIRST SITE OF
CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTON:
SALIVARY AMYLASE
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SALIVARY GLANDS
SECRETE SALIVA,
A WATERY FLUID CONTAINING
SALIVARY AMYLASE INTO
FOOD IN MOUTH;
SALIVARY AMYLASE
CHEMICALLY BREAKS
POLYSACCHARIDES
(GLYCOGEN AND STARCH)
INTO DISACCHARIDES
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DEGLUTITION
THE PHARYNX
The throat:
Common passageway for food
(digestive system) and air
(respiratory system)
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
THE ESOPHAGUS
CARRIES THE SWALLOWED
BOLUS OF FOOD TO THE
STOMACH THROUGH PERISTALSIS
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Take a few minutes and
perform the deglutition
exercise
SEPARATE HANDOUT
THE STOMACH
THE FIRST SITE OF CHEMICAL
DIGESTION OF PROTEINS
THROUGH THE ENZYME
PEPSIN,
WHICH BREAKS PROTEINS
INTO PEPTIDES.
4
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SEM of Gastric Pit with gastric
glands secreting pepsin and HCl
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
THE PANCREAS
*
SECRETES PANCREATIC JUICE
CONTAINING AMYLASE,
PROTEINASES, LIPASES, AND
NUCLEASES INTO DUODENUM;
THESE ENZYMES BREAK DOWN
EACH OF THE
MACROMOLECULES WE INGEST
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Take a look
at the
pancreas
Slide:
The
portions other
than the Islets
are digestive.
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D
U
O
D
E
N
U
M
PANCREAS
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THE LIVER
PRODUCES BILE WHICH
EMULSIFIES FATS IN THE
DUODENUM
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BILE EMULSIFIES FAT
INCREASES ITS SURFACE AREA
FOR MORE EFFECTIVE DIGESTION BY
LIPASES
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Liver Histology: Hepatic Lobule
= take a look at the liver slide
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
THE GALLBLADDER
STORES BILE (PRODUCED IN LIVER)
BETWEEN MEALS;
BILE IS
DEPOSITED BILE INTO THE DUODENUM
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THE SMALL INTESTINE
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SITE OF COMPLETION OF DIGESTION
(DUODENUM; LACTASE, SUCRASE,
MALTASE, DUODENAL PEPTIDASES;
LIPASES)
SITE OF ABSORPTION OF SIMPLE
NUTRIENTS (JEJUNUM & ILEUM)
THE SMALL INTESTINE IS
SUSPENDED IN THE
ABDOMINAL CAVITY BY
MESENTERY
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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INTESTINAL MUCOSA
• LINING IS SIMPLE COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS
AND MICROVILLI
• INTESTINAL VILLI ARE LINED BY
INTESTINAL GLANDS
• INTESTINAL VILLI HAVE A LACTEAL IN
THEIR CORE
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
LM OF
INTESTINAL
VILLI
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SMALL
INTESTINE
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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A LACTEAL
Intestinal
Wall
Model:
Note
Lacteals
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~LOW POWER~
LAB LIGHT MICROGRAPHS
OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
INTESTINAL
VILLI
OBTAIN SIMPLE COLUMNAR
ET OR DUODENUM SLIDE
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~HIGH POWER~
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM ~OIL IMMERSION~
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET
GOBLET CELLS IN SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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THE LARGE INTESTINE
SITE OF REABSORPTION OF
WATER FROM CHYME
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LM OF
LARGE
INTESTINE
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Digestive Fetal Pig Dissection
The Large Intestine
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
• Mouth Cavity
– tongue, teeth, hard palate, soft palate,
pharynx, epiglottis, probe into glottis
→larynx/trachea, and probe into pharynx
→esophagus
• Thoracic Cavity - esophagus
• Abdominopelvic Cavity
– liver, gallbladder, stomach with rugae &
pyloric sphincter, spleen, pancreas, small
intestine with mesentery, spiral colon/large
intestine, cecum,
rectum, anus
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
*****
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Larynx
Trachea
Thymus gland
Thyroid gland
Lungs
Heart
Diaphragm
Liver
Spleen
Small Intestine
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Urinary
(allantoic)
Bladder
Large Intestine (Spiral Colon)
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Umbilical
Arteries
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External Nares
Hard Palate
Soft Palate
Opening into
Nasopharynx
Epiglottis
Tongue
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
PRACTICE LAB DIGESTIVE
QUIZ
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~HIGH POWER~
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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NAME THE SCIENTIFIC TERM
FOR SWALLOWING
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
DEGLUTITION
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
A LACTEAL
Name the
structure.
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e
by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Green
Lacteals
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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D
U
O
D
E
N
U
M
PANCREAS
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Take a look
at the
pancreas
slide
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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Name the organ.
pancreas
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Green: Gallbladder; White: Stomach;
Red: Spleen
Name the organ
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
White: pancreas
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Name the organ or structure.
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Yellow: Right Lung; Black: Diaphragm;
Green: Liver.
Name the structure(s)
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Rectum down back wall;
Female with Ovaries and Uterine Horns
Name the organ.
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
Green: Liver;
Red: Small Intestines with Mesentery
Name the organ.
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Rectum.
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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*****
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Good luck studying
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
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