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Click and Clone
INTRODUCTION When you hear about cloning, most people consider just one type of cloning, the
type of cloning we will look at today, reproductive cloning. There are also two other types of cloning,
Therapeutic Cloning and DNA cloning.
Therapeutic cloning is not used to create human clones, but instead clones of human embryos used for
research. The stems cells from the embryos are used to for research in the areas of heart disease,
Alzheimer’s, and cancer, because stems cells can develop into virtually any other type of human cell.
This type of cloning draws the most ethical criticism.
DNA Cloning is the process of cloning a single gene or segment of DNA, instead of an entire genome.
These genes or segments of DNA are copied for use in other studies. This process has been around
since the 1970’s and is common in genetics labs.
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing an organism with the exact same DNA as another
organism. This is the technology that produced “Dolly” the sheep, the first cloned mammal.
OBJECTIVE Students will use Mimi and other mice to examine the process of reproductive cloning.
PROCEDURES
1. Log-on to your computer and access the following website
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/clickandclone/
2. Click on Mimi to begin the simulation
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List the materials needed to clone Mimi
3. Click on the arrow to move to the next screen
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What are the steps needed to clone Mimi?
1. Isolate _______________ ______________ from Mimi and Megdo
2. Remove and discard the ____________________________________________________.
3. Transfer the ______________________ ______________ _________________ into the
enucleated cell.
4. _______________________ ____________ ________________
5. Implant the ____________________ into Momi, the ___________________ _____________.
6. Deliver the baby clone of _______________.
4. Move the cells from the donors into the correct Petri Dishes
5. Move the egg dish into the microscope.
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What is the blunt pipette used for?
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What does the sharp pipette do?
6. Remove the Nucleus
7. Move the dish under the microscope.
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What do you move from the somatic cell into the enucleated cell? _____________________
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Why is it this that we are moving?
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What happens to the DNA once it is in the new cell? (Why do we have to wait several hours?)
8. Proceed to the next step
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What process must be started in the new cell for it to grow? ______________________
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How do we initiate this?
9. Move the dropper to the Petri dish
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What happens to the cell? ____________________________________________.
What does it form? ________________________________.
10. Proceed to the next step
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What is Momi called in this process? ________________________________________
How long will she be pregnant? _____________________________________________
What color should the clone be? _________________________________
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How do you know this?
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Describe the actual research that was done with mouse cloning.
GENETIC TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
DNA fingerprinting has many applications in society as well as biology. In today’s activity, you will
help a friend find out who licked his lollipop by performing a DNA fingerprinting simulation. Other
activities will follow.
PROCEDURE
Carefully follow the directions and perform each task asked of you. After you have performed each
task, be sure to answer the question on your worksheet.
Website #1
Part A: Introduction
Start up your computers and find the Website below by typing in the URL:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/analyze.html
Read through the first page and answer the following questions.
1. How many cells do you have in your body?
2. List three uses of DNA fingerprinting.
Part B: The Scenario
Click on Part 1: It Takes a Lickin'... and answer the following questions.
1. Describe the crime.
2. Who are the suspects and what is their relationship to Jimmy?
3. What are you going to do to find out who licked the lollipop?
4. From where are the DNA samples obtained in this scenario?
Part C: Simulating DNA Fingerprinting
Click on Part 2: DNA Fingerprinting at the NOVA Lab and answer the following questions.
WARNING!! If you are not a careful scientist, you will have to repeat procedures. Be sure to
follow the directions carefully.
Explain each of the seven steps you have performed on the computer to simulate gel electrophoresis.
(Hint: Summarize the “What Happened?” dialogue box.)
1. Pour restriction enzymes into the DNA.
2. Pour agarose gel into the tray.
3. Pour DNA into the tray. During actual electrophoresis, this step is completed with a special tool
called a micropipette.
4. Turn the switch on to run the gel. In your summary, be sure to include how the DNA moves
through the gel.
5. Place nylon membrane on the tray.
6. Add probes to the nylon membrane on the tray.
7. Place x-ray film on top of the tray.
8. Develop the film by lifting it from the tray and into the developer. (What do the results look like?
Hint: Something you see on products you buy from the store.)
Click on choose the culprit and follow the directions.
9.
Who licked the lollipop? How do you know this is the right sister? (Saying, “The computer told
me I was right,” is not an acceptable answer!) Use data from the simulation to explain how you
know that this is the right sister.
ANALYSIS
1. If you are looking for the possible father or mother of a child, will the DNA match exactly?
Explain your answer.
2. Who would have the exact DNA that you have? (You might have to pretend for this question.)
Website #2
Engineering a crop: Transgenic Manipulation
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/transgen.html
1. Read the introduction
2. How is a transgenic plant created?
3. Where can the inserted gene come from?
4. What is the product you are trying to produce in this activity?
5. Click the begin button
6. Follow the step by step instructions and answer the following questions:
7. What is a vector?
8. As the bacterium replicates in the growth medium, what is also being replicated within the
bacterium?
9. What happens to the plant cells when they are placed on the growth medium for plant cells?
10. How was success measured for this experiment? What evidence do you have that you were
successful?
11. Come up with another example of when doing this type of genetic manipulation may be beneficial.
Website 3
Gene Therapy
http://www.genesolutions.com/index.html
1. Read the introduction on Human Gene Therapy.
2. What is involved in the process of gene therapy?
3. Click on the Gene Splicing Link
4. What is involved in gene splicing?
5. What enzyme is used to repair the DNA when the new genes have been added?
6. Click on the Cloning Link.
7. What are the three types of cloning?
8. Describe the differences between the three types.