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Prentice Hall
EARTH SCIENCE
Tarbuck

Lutgens
Chapter
2
Minerals
Chapter 2 Definitions
Vocabulary Quiz Tuesday 10/11/11
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ION
ISOTOPES
COMPOUND
MASS NUMBER
ENERGY LEVEL
ATOM
ATOMIC NUMBER
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ELEMENT
METALLIC BOND
COVALENT BOND
IONIC BOND
CHEMICAL BOND
2.1 Matter
Elements and the Periodic Table
 Elements
 Over 100 elements are known.
2.1 Matter
Atoms
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 The nucleus is the central part of an atom
and contains
• protons,
• neutrons,
2.1 Matter
Atoms
 Energy levels, or shells
 The atomic number
Model of an Atom
2.1 Matter
Isotopes
 Isotopes

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 The mass number
2.1 Matter
Types of Chemical Bonds
1. Ionic bonds
2. Covalent bonds
3. Metallic bonds
Finding Protons, Electron, &
Neutrons
2.2 Minerals
Definition of a Mineral
1.
2.
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4.
5.
2.2 Minerals
How Minerals Form
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.2 Minerals
Mineral Groups
 Can be classified based on their
composition
1. Silicates
2.2 Minerals
Mineral Groups
2. Carbonates
3. Oxides
2.2 Minerals
Mineral Groups
4. Sulfates and Sulfides
5. Halides
6. Native elements
2.3 Properties of Minerals
Color
 Small amounts of different elements can
give the same mineral different colors.
2.3 Properties of Minerals
Streak

is the color of a mineral in its
powdered form.
2.3 Properties of Minerals
Luster

is used to describe how light is
reflected from the surface of a mineral.
2.3 Properties of Minerals
Crystal Form

is the visible expression
of a mineral’s internal arrangement of
atoms.
2.3 Properties of Minerals
Hardness
 Hardness
 Mohs scale
2.3 Properties of Minerals
Cleavage
 Cleavage
2.3 Properties of Minerals
Fracture
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 Fracture
2.3 Properties of Minerals
Density
 Density