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Lesson 4
Care and Problems of the Respiratory System
Imagine not being able to climb a single flight of stairs without
having to stop to catch your breath.
Respiratory system problems can affect the functioning of other
body systems.
Lesson 4
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you’ll learn to:
Analyze the relationship between health promotion and the
prevention of respiratory disorders.
Examine the effects of health behaviors on the respiratory
system.
Relate the importance of early detection and warning signs
that prompt individuals to seek care for respiratory problems.
Lesson 4
Health Behaviors and the Respiratory System
Avoid Tobacco
Smoking damages the respiratory
system and is the main cause of lung
cancer.
Tobacco use has also been connected
with cancers of the mouth, pharynx,
and larynx.
It can cause bronchitis, emphysema,
and an increase of asthma in children
and adults. In teens, smoking
reduces the rate of lung growth.
Lesson 4
Health Behaviors and the Respiratory System
Healthful Behaviors
Exercise improves the capacity of the lungs to diffuse oxygen
into the blood.
It also increases the total amount of air moved into and out of
the lungs per minute.
Washing your hands regularly helps prevent infection.
Limiting your exposure to pollutants in the air can also reduce
your risk of developing respiratory disorders.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Some Respiratory Problems
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Asthma
Sinusitis
Tuberculosis
Emphysema
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Bronchitis
In bronchitis, the membranes that line the bronchi produce
excessive mucus in the airways.
This leads to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and
shortness of breath that worsens with physical activity.
Treatment includes medication that dilates the bronchial
passages.
Early detection and treatment of chronic bronchitis is
important because the disease can cause irreversible tissue
damage.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Pneumonia
Pneumonia includes several types of lung infections.
Symptoms of pneumonia include cough, fever, chills, and
chest pain.
Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics.
Pleurisy causes chest pain when breathing and coughing.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Asthma
An asthma attack is characterized by
the involuntary contraction of smooth
airway muscles.
Acute asthma attacks can be relieved
by the use of an inhaler that contains
a bronchodilator.
Long-term treatment includes using
medication that reduces inflammation
and avoiding substances that can
trigger an attack.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Sinusitis
Symptoms of sinusitis include nasal congestion, headache, and
fever.
Treatment includes nasal decongestant drops or sprays and
antibiotics.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Tuberculosis
When a person is infected with tuberculosis, the immune
system surrounds the infected area and isolates it.
If the immune system is weakened by illness or advancing
age, the infection can become active.
Symptoms of active tuberculosis include cough, fever, fatigue,
and weight loss.
Treatment involves antibiotics and hospitalization.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Emphysema
Emphysema's symptoms include difficulty breathing and
chronic cough.
Although the symptoms of emphysema can be treated, tissue
damage is irreversible.
Eventually the lungs cease to function.
Emphysema is almost always caused by smoking.
Lesson 4
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. ______ is an inflammation of the
bronchi caused by infection or
exposure to irritants such as
tobacco smoke and air pollution.
1. Emphysema
2. Pleurisy
3. Bronchitis
4. Pneumonia
Lesson 4
A.
Quick Review - Answer
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi caused by
infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke
and air pollution.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 4
Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. Explain the effects of smoking on the health of the
respiratory system.
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Lesson 4
Quick Review - Answer
A. Smoking damages the respiratory system. It causes
bronchitis, emphysema, and increases the incidence of
asthma.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 4
Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. List three things you can do to help keep your respiratory
system healthy.
Click Next to view the answer.
Lesson 4
Quick Review - Answer
A. Things you can do to help keep your respiratory system
healthy:
Avoid tobacco.
Exercise regularly.
Wash your hands regularly.
Limit your exposure to pollutants in the air.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 4
Quick Review
Perform the activity and provide an answer.
Tobacco use is associated with several types of cancer that
occur in the upper respiratory system, most notably the throat.
Research the effects of tobacco use on the structures of the
upper respiratory system. Use what you learn to produce an
educational pamphlet.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Bronchitis
In bronchitis, the membranes that line the bronchi produce
excessive mucus in the airways.
Bronchitis is an
of the
This leads toinflammation
symptoms such
as coughing, wheezing, and
caused
by with physical activity.
shortness of bronchi
breath that
worsens
infection or exposure
Treatment includes
medication
to irritants
such asthat dilates the bronchial
passages. tobacco smoke and
air pollution.
Early detection and treatment of chronic bronchitis is
important because the disease can cause irreversible tissue
damage.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Pneumonia
Pneumonia includes several types of lung infections.
Pneumonia is
Symptoms of pneumonia include cough, fever, chills, and
an inflammation
chest pain.
of the lungs
commonly iscaused
Bacterial pneumonia
treated with antibiotics.
by a bacterial or
Pleurisy causes
chest pain when breathing and coughing.
viral infection.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Pneumonia
Pneumonia includes several types of lung infections.
Symptoms of pneumonia include cough, fever, chills, and
chest pain.
Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics.
Pleurisy causes chest pain when breathing and coughing.
Pleurisy is
an inflammation
of the lining of
the lungs and
chest cavity.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Asthma
An asthma attack is characterized by
the involuntary contraction of smooth
Asthma is an
airway muscles.
inflammatory condition
in which
thecan
trachea,
Acute asthma
attacks
be relieved
and bronchioles
by the use bronchi,
of an inhaler
that contains
become narrowed,
a bronchodilator.
causing difficulty in
Long-term breathing.
treatment includes using
medication that reduces inflammation
and avoiding substances that can
trigger an attack.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Sinusitis
Symptoms of sinusitis include nasal congestion, headache, and
fever.
Sinusitis is
an inflammation
Treatment includes nasal decongestant drops or sprays and
of the tissues
antibiotics.
that line the
sinuses.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Tuberculosis
When a person is infected with tuberculosis, the immune
system surrounds the infected area and isolates it.
Tuberculosis
is a contagious
If the immune system is weakened by illness
or advancing
bacterial infection
age, the infection can become active.
that usually
Symptoms of active tuberculosis include affects
cough, the
fever,
fatigue,
lungs.
and weight loss.
Treatment involves antibiotics and hospitalization.
Lesson 4
Respiratory System Problems
Emphysema
Emphysema's symptoms include difficulty breathing and
chronic cough.
Although the symptoms of emphysema can be treated, tissue
damage is irreversible.
Emphysema
Eventually the lungs
to that
function.
is a cease
disease
progressively
Emphysema is almost always caused by smoking.
destroys the walls
of the alveoli.
Lesson 4
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi
caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as
tobacco smoke and air pollution.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 4
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again,
or click Next to view the correct answer.