Download Second trimester From 13 weeks through 28 weeks. Third trimester

Intra uterine period
Period of pregnancy
280 days(40 weeks)
First trimester
From conception through 12 weeks
Second trimester
From 13 weeks through 28 weeks.
Third trimester
From 29 weeks until delivery.
The first trimester
From conception through 12 weeks
• The first trimester is a highly sensitive period in the
development of the baby.
• Harmful substances that are ingested can affect the normal
growth and development of the fetus.
• Conception through the 10th week is referred to as the
embryonic period.
• This is the critical period of time when all of the major organs
and structures are forming.
From conception through 12 weeks
1) At 5th week:
The embryo is :
 About one-half inch long
 Weighs less than an ounce.
 Its brain, heart, lungs, eyes, ears, arms, and legs are forming.
2)At 8th week:
 The fingers are distinct
 The beginnings of all essential external and internal structures are present.
3) At 10th week:
the embryo is known as a fetus.
 The face has a human profile and all of the major organs have formed.
 It is now about 4 inches long and weighs about one ounce.
 The heartbeat can now be heard with a Doppler stethoscope and can also be easily
seen on ultrasound examination.
 The kidneys have begun to secrete urine, which partly makes up the amniotic fluid
around the baby.
 Teeth buds are present in the gums.
From 13 weeks through 28 weeks.
The second trimester
is a period of rapid growth for the fetus.
Sexual differentiation is beginning to show.
By the 16th week:
it is about 6 inches long
weighs about 5 ounces.
It moves about, swallows amniotic fluid,
and has periods of sleep and wakefulness.
From 29 weeks until delivery.
• The final trimester marks the period of final growth.
• During the last month of pregnancy:
the baby can gain as much as half a
pound a week.
• The average baby will weigh about 7 ½ pounds,
• The range at full term from 5 ½ pounds up to
over 9 pounds!
• Fetal movement during this period of time is a
good indicator of fetal well being.
Virginia Apgar‘s method of evaluating newborn infant
Virginia Apgar‘s method of evaluating newborn infant is now in standard use
to evaluate the newborn one minute after birth. It is useful to make serial Apgar
score: the longer the score remaine low the worse the prognosis with regard to
mortality or neurological sequel.
Total score:
8 – 10
Good
3 -7
Fair
0–2
Poor condition
Score
Heart rate
Respiratory
effort
Reflex
irritability
Muscle
tone
Color
2
100 - 140
Normal cry
Reflex
irritability
Good
Pink
1
100
Irregular and
shallow
Moderately
depressed
Fair
Pale
0
No heart beat
observed
Apnea for more
than 60 sec.
Flaccid
Cyanotic
Absent
Month One:
Gross Motor Skills
• Can lift chin slihtly
• Head lag in ventral suspension
• Flexion attitude in prone
lying position
Fine Motor Skills
Hands fisted/reflexive grasp
Month Two
Gross Motor Skills
Wobbly head while sitting
Head Lag
Head lag when pull to sit
Fine Motor Skills
Swipes toys with /hands
Month Three
Gross Motor Skill
Holds head steady in sitting
Fine Motor Skill
Hands open
Rolls back to side
Grasps/holds an object
Puts weight on arms while on tummy
Hands play at midline
Month Four
Gross Motor Skills
Sits on propped arms
Fine Motor Skills
Reaches with both arms/hands
Rolls tummy to side
No head lag seen when pulled
to sit
Brings fingers/hands in mouth
Squeeze grasp emerging
Gross Motor Skills
Rolls tummy to back
Wiggles few feet forward
Pushes up with arms
while on belly
Sits propped on hands
Month Five
Fine Motor Skills
Reaches with good aim
Puts objects/toys in mouth
Picks up spoon or cup by handle
Starts grabbing feet
Gross Motor Skills
Sits briefly independently
Sits in a highchair
Rolls over both ways
Month Six
Fine Motor Skills
Reaches precisely and grasps objects
Transfers toys from hand to hand
Bangs a cup on a table
Month Seven
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Sits unsupported~30 seconds
Rocks on all fours
Pivots in a circle while on tummy
Crosses midline when reaching
Uses whole hand to rake in objects
Thumb to finger grasp emerging
Month Eight
Gross Motor Skills
Transitions tummy to sit
Crawls forward
Reaches while on tummy
Fine Motor Skills
Bangs cubes together
Uses a three-fingered grasp
Month Nine
Gross Motor Skills
Transitions sit to tummy
Pulls to stand while holding on
Creeps on all fours
Stands while leaning on furniture
Fine Motor Skills
Uses thumb to index grasp (crude)
Crude release of objects
Drops toys and objects
Points index finger
Gross Motor Skills
Cruises along furniture
Stands unsupported briefly
Transfers from crawl to sit
Month Ten
Fine Motor Skills
Pokes with fingers
Uses thumb to index finger
grasp (precise)
Stacks objects
Month Eleven
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Stands unsupported
Walks with hands held
Releases a cube at will
Removes pegs from a pegboard
Month Twelve
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
First independent step.
Stands unsupported~12 seconds
Puts objects in a container
Releases an object precisely
Assumes/maintains kneeling
Stacks two one-inch cubes
Months Twelve-Fifteen
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Walks independently
Creeps/climbs stairs
Tries to climb out of highchair
Squats to play
Kneels
Stoops and recovers
Throws objects
Places rings on a peg
Makes marks with crayons
Holds large crayon in fisted grasp
Builds a 2 block tower
Months Fifteen-Eighteen
Gross Motor Skills
Walks in circles/backwards
Walks up stairs with help
Balance reactions in standing
Scribbles spontaneously
Tries to kick balls
Climbs on furniture
Pulls toy while walking
Fine Motor Skills
Directional scribble using crayons
Throws a ball
Builds a 3-block tower
Months Eighteen-Twenty-Four
Gross Motor Skills
Runs
Jumps in place/off a step
Pedals a tricycle
Kicks a stationary ball
Walks up stairs independently
Throws a ball overhand
Propels “ride-on” toys forward
Fine Motor Skills
Unwraps things
Builds a 6-block tower
Holds crayon with thumb and fingers
Turns 2-3 pages at a time
Imitates vertical stroke with crayon
Months Twenty-Four-Thirty-Six(2-3 years old)
Gross Motor Skills
Hops on one foot
Walks up stairs alternating feet
Walks down stairs alternating feet
Walks backward
Balances on one foot briefly
Throws overhand at a target
Catches a rolled ball
Throws a small ball 2 feet
Rides a tricycle using pedals
Fine Motor Skills
Turns pages one at a time
Builds a 9 block tower
Unscrews lid of a jar
Imitates horizontal line,
cross circle
Holds pencil in hand instead of fist
Makes snips with scissors
Unbuttons