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Spreadsheet Calculations
Formulas & Functions
Computer Applications I
FORMULA
 =A1+B2
 A sequence
of values, cell references, names,
functions, or operators in a cell that together
produce a new value.
 A formula always begins with an equal sign (=).
 Requires mathematical operators.
MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS


Operators specify the type of calculation.
There are four different types of formula
calculation operators:
1. Arithmetic
2. Comparison
3. Text
4. Reference.
ARITHEMETIC (Mathematical Operators)
Addition (3+3)
Subtraction (3–1) or Negation (–1)
Multiplication (3*3)
Division (3/3)
Percent (20%)
Exponentiation (3^2)
COMPARISON (Mathematical Operators)
Equal to (A1=B1)
Greater than (A1>B1)
Less than (A1<B1)
Greater than or equal to (A1>=B1)
Less than or equal to (A1<=B1)
Not equal to (A1<>B1)
COMPARISON (Mathematical Operators)
When two values are compared by using these
operators, the result is a logical value either
TRUE or FALSE.
TEXT (Mathematical Operators)
Ampersand (&) connects text strings, numbers, or single-cell
references to produce a single piece of text.
=CONCATENATE("Stream population for ",A2," ",A3," is
",A4,"/mile")
(Stream population for brook trout species is 32/mile)
REFERENCE (Mathematical Operators)
 Colon ( : ) indicates cell range.
(B5:B15)
 Comma ( , ) combines multiple cell ranges into one
reference.
(SUM(B5:B15,D5:D15))
 Space ( ) is the intersection operator, which
produces a common reference for both cell ranges.
(B7:D7 C6:C8)
FORMULA: Order of Operations
Excel evaluates the operators from left to right unless a
parentheses encloses the numerical data.
=5+2*3
11
=(5+2)*3
21
Combining Formulas & Functions
In the example below, the parentheses around the
first part of the formula force Excel to calculate
B4+25 first and then divide the result by the sum
of the values in cells D5, E5, and F5.
=(B4+25)/SUM(D5:F5)
FUNCTION
=AVG (A1:B1)
 Predefined
formulas that perform calculations
by using specific values, called arguments, in a
particular order, or structure.
 SHORTCUT!
AUTOSUM
=SUM(A1:B1)
 Function
that adds all values
within a range of cells.
 Range can be altered by
highlighting and clicking.
USING FUNCTIONS
 Sum ~ Total of values using addition.
=SUM (A1:B1)
 Average ~ The average of the values.
=AVG (A1:B1)
 Max ~ The largest value.
=MAX (A1:B1)
 Min ~ The smallest value.
=MIN (A1:B1)
 Count ~ The amount of data entries. (Default function
for data other than numbers.)
=COUNT (A1:B1)