Download Report Artificial Intelligence.pdf

What is AI: Ai is the science of making machine do things
that would requires intelligence.
 Computers with the ability to mimic or
duplicate the functions of the human brain
 Ai concerned with two basic ideas
1. It involves thought process of humans
2. It deals with human process via machine
WHY DO AI:To understand human
intelligence better. We
test theories of human
intelligence by writing
programs which
emulate it.
To create useful
“smart” programs able
to do tasks that would
normally require a
human expert.
How DOES AI:Computer Science
Psychology (human
reasoning)
Philosophy (nature of
belief, rationality , etc)
Linguistics (structure
and meaning of language)
Human Biology (how
brain works)
Major Branches of AI (1)
– Perceptive system
• A system that approximates the way a human see, hears, and
feels objects
– Vision system
• Capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
– Robotics
• Mechanical and computer devices that perform tedious tasks
with high precision
– Expert system
• Stores knowledge and makes inferences
Major Branches of AI (2)
– Learning system
• Computer changes how it functions or reacts to situations
based on feedback
– Natural language processing
• Computers understand and react to statements and
commands made in a “natural” language, such as English
– Neural network
• Computer system that can act like or simulate the functioning
of the human brain
Schematic
Artificial
intelligence
Vision
systems
Learning
systems
Robotics
Expert systems
Neural networks
Natural language
processing
Applications of
Artificial Intelligence
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Information management
AI and expert systems embedded in products
Plant layout
Hospitals and medical facilities
Help desks and assistance
Employee performance evaluation
Loan analysis
Virus detection
Repair and maintenance
Shipping
Marketing
Warehouse optimization
ADVANTAGES :1) AI will force a dualistic view of life to
change because the environment will be
inseprable from it.
2)On the other hand, most scientists
would be happy to view the brain as a vast
but complex machine.As such it should
then be possible to purely replicate the
brain using artificial neurons. This has
already been done for very simple life
forms such as insects which only have a
few thousand neurons in their brain.
3) Smarter artificial intelligence promises
to replace human jobs, freeing people for
other pursuits by automating
manufacturing and transportations.
4) AI can see relationships in enormous
or diverse bodies of data that a human
could not.
Disadvantages (Risks)
Potential for malevolent programs, “cold
war” between two countries, unforeseen
impacts because it is complex technology,
environmental consequences will most likely
be minimal.
Frequently mutating computer virus.
Military robots may make it possible for a
country to indiscriminately attack lessadvanced countries with few, if any, human
casualties.
Rapid advances in AI could mean massive
structural unemployment.
AI utilizing non-transparent learning (i.e.
neural networks) is never completely
predictable
The Future?
Idea of Artificial
Intelligence is being replaced
by Artificial life, or anything
with a form or body.
The consensus among
scientists is that a
requirement for life is that it
has an embodiment in some
physical form, but this will
change. Programs may not fit
this requirement for life yet.
Overview of Artificial
Intelligence
• Intelligent behaviour
– Learn from experience
– Apply knowledge acquired from experience
– Handle complex situations
– Solve problems when important information
is missing
– Determine what is important
– React quickly and correctly to a new situation
– Understand visual images
– Process and manipulate symbols
– Be creative and imaginative
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Essence of Artificial Intelligence” by Alison Cawsey, Prentice
Hall.
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (second edition),
Russell & Norvig, Prentice Hall. 2003Artificial Intelligence:
Structures and Strategies for Complex
Problem Solving, Luger, Benjamin Cummings.
 Slides, lab exercises etc.
www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~alison/ai3/
PICS from:WWW.google.COM