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Human Blood Type Inheritance
• Blood type is controlled by multiple alleles
inheritance. This means that there are more
than 2 alleles for blood type in the human
population.
• Antigens-are proteins on the surface of red
blood cells that indicate blood type
• Antibodies-are proteins in the blood plasma
that fight against foreign substances (like
foreign blood types)
• Type A
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Homozygous Type A Genotype = IAIA
Heterozygous Type A Genotype = IAi
Type A Blood Cells have A Antigens
Type A Plasma contains Anti-B Antibodies
• Type B
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Homozygous Type B Genotype = IBIB
Heterozygous Type B Genotype = IBi
Type B Blood Cells have B Antigens
Type B Plasma contains Anti-A Antibodies
• Type AB
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This blood type is codominant.
Type AB Genotype = IAIB
Type AB Blood Cells have A and B Antigens
Type AB Plasma contains no antibodies against
other blood types.
– Type AB is called the universal recipient.
• Type O
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This blood type is homozygous recessive.
Type O Genotype = ii
Type O Blood Cells have no Antigens
Type O Plasma contains Anti-A and Anti-B
Antibodies
– Type O is called the universal donor.
• Rh Factor
– Rh is an extra antigen that is found on some
people’s red blood cells.
– Positives have the Rh antigen
– Negatives do not have the Rh antigen
– If a woman with a negative blood type makes a
baby with a man with a positive blood type she
will need to have a special drug called Rhogam
injected during all pregnancies to prevent
erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic anemia).