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Volcanoes
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which of the following would you expect to see during a nonexplosive eruption?
a. hot debris, ash, and gas shooting into the air
b. molten rock blowing into the air
c. calm lava flows
d. violent explosions
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2. Pillow lava
a. forms a brittle crust that would be painful to walk on.
b. has a glassy surface with rounded wrinkles.
c. usually oozes from a volcano.
d. forms when lava erupts under water.
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3. Lava with a high viscosity
a. is runny, almost like water.
b. is thick, like pudding.
c. smells like sulphur.
d. dries smooth and glassy.
____
4. Large blobs of magma that harden in the air are called
a. volcanic ash.
c. volcanic blocks.
b. volcanic bombs.
d. lapilli.
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5. Which of the following would you expect after an explosive eruption?
a. warmer temperatures
c. calm lava flows
b. darkened skies
d. clear skies
____
6. A shield volcano
a. is sometimes called a stratovolcano.
b. has a jagged surface.
c. has gently sloping sides.
d. forms when lava erupts underwater.
____
7. A cinder cone volcano
a. has gently sloping sides.
b. is formed by explosive and nonexplosive eruptions.
c. erodes over thousands of years.
d. has steep slopes.
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8. A combination of explosive and nonexplosive eruptions will create a
a. shield volcano.
c. cinder cone volcano.
b. composite volcano.
d. plateau volcano.
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9. A large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a
a. crater.
c. caldera.
b. rift.
d. cinder cone.
____ 10. Which of the following best describes subduction?
a. movement of tectonic plates away from each other
b. movement of one tectonic plate against another
c. movement of one tectonic plate under another
d. side-by-side movement of two tectonic plates
____ 11. A dormant volcano
a. is currently explosive.
b. might erupt again.
c. usually erupts once each year.
d. has never erupted.
____ 12. An extinct volcano
a. will probably erupt in the near future.
b. will probably erupt in the distant future.
c. will probably never erupt again.
d. has probably never erupted.
____ 13. An active volcano
a. has never erupted.
b. will blow smoke but never erupt.
c. is currently erupting or will erupt very soon.
d. will erupt in 100 years.
____ 14. The landforms that we call volcanoes are created by
a. tectonic plates colliding.
b. cracks in Earth’s crust.
c. repeated eruptions of lava.
d. collections of ash and other pyroclastic materials.
____ 15. Where are volcanoes most likely to form?
a. near the center of continents
b. along bodies of water
c. along plate boundaries
d. in mountainous areas
____ 16. Which of these would you expect to see during a nonexplosive eruption?
a. giant fountains of lava and rock
c. a mountainside caving in
b. clouds of ash darkening the sky
d. huge lava flows
____ 17. Molten rock deep underground often gathers in a
a. vent.
c. landslide.
b. magma chamber.
d. caldera.
____ 18. Lava that is very runny probably
a. has a low silica content.
b. is hotter than most lava.
c. has been cooled below the surface.
d. comes from explosive volcanoes.
____ 19. If the water content of magma is high,
a. a nonexplosive eruption is most likely.
b. probably no eruption will occur.
c. an explosive eruption is more likely.
d. then the temperature at its center is low.
____ 20. When you talk about the viscosity of lava, you are talking about
a. the lava’s temperature.
c. how the lava looks.
b. how the lava flows.
d. the lava’s weight.
____ 21. Which type of lava flows most like dripping wax?
a. aa lava
c. blocky lava
b. pillow lava
d. pahoehoe lava
____ 22. Cool, stiff lava that forms jumpled heaps of sharp chunks near the vent is called
a. pahoehoe lava.
c. blocky lava.
b. lapilli.
d. aa lava.
____ 23. Which type of pyroclastic material gets its name from a word that means “little stones”?
a. blocky lava
c. pahoehoe lava
b. volcanic bombs
d. lapilli
____ 24. The pyroclastic material that can reach the upper atmosphere and circle Earth for years is
a. pahoehoe lava.
c. lapilli.
b. aa lava.
d. volcanic ash.
____ 25. Pyroclastic material forms when
a. lava flows calmly from a crack in Earth’s crust.
b. magma remains underground too long.
c. magma explodes into the air and hardens.
d. lava flows underwater.
____ 26. Which of these describes a possible climate change caused by a volcanic eruption?
a. Temperatures rise because of the heat coming from lava.
b. Scorched land creates drought conditions.
c. Ash blocks sunlight, causing temperatures to drop.
d. Volcanic eruptions rarely affect climate.
____ 27. The three main types of volcanoes are
a. shield, pahoehoe, and vented.
b. cinder, cone, and composite.
c. cinder cone, lapilli, and caldera.
d. shield, composite, and cinder cone.
____ 28. The depression created when the roof of a magma chamber collapses is called a
a. caldera.
c. lava plateau.
b. crater.
d. lapilli.
____ 29. Rock begins to melt when
a. both pressure and temperature decrease.
b. both pressure and temperature increase.
c. temperature increases and pressure decreases.
d. temperature decreases and pressure increases.
____ 30. Most active volcanoes form
a. far from bodies of water.
b. where tectonic plates collide.
c. where tectonic plates separate.
d. where tectonic plates move back and forth.
____ 31. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate is usually subducted because
a. continental plates move more quickly than oceanic plates.
b. oceanic crust is denser and thinner than continental crust.
c. oceanic crust is denser and thicker than continental crust.
d. continental crust is denser and thinner than oceanic crust.
____ 32. The volcanoes of Hawaii and other places far from tectonic plate boundaries are known as
a. calderas.
c. hot spots.
b. mid-ocean ridges.
d. viscous volcanoes.
____ 33. Which category of volcano is most likely to erupt in the near future?
a. an active volcano
c. a dormant volcano
b. an extinct volcano
d. a viscous volcano
____ 34. A tiltmeter is an instrument that measures
a. gas ratios in a volcano.
b. changes in a volcano’s slope.
c. the intensity of earthquakes.
d. the temperature inside a volcano.
____ 35. Volcanoes are most likely to form
a. near the center of continents.
b. in deep canyons.
c. along plate boundaries.
d. in mountainous areas.
____ 36. Lava that has a fluid, runny consistency probably
a. has a low silica content.
c. has been cooled below the surface.
b. is hotter than most lava.
d. comes from explosive volcanoes.
____ 37. Volcanic activity is common along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This activity occurs at a
a. mantle plume.
c. divergent boundary.
b. subducted plane.
d. break in the continental crust.
____ 38. Which of the following is NOT considered when predicting volcanic eruptions?
a. the composition of volcanic gases
c. internal temperature
b. atmospheric activity
d. changes in the volcano’s slope
____ 39. How are volcanoes created?
a. by tectonic plates colliding
b. by cracks in Earth’s crust
c. by many eruptions of lava
d. by collections of ash and rock
____ 40. Which of these would you expect to see during a nonexplosive eruption?
a. giant fountains of lava and rock
c. a mountainside caving in
b. clouds of ash darkening the sky
d. huge lava flows
____ 41. What is most likely to happen if the water content of magma is high?
a. A nonexplosive eruption will occur.
c. An explosive eruption is likely.
b. No eruption will occur.
d. Pressure will decrease.
____ 42. What is pyroclastic material?
a. magma that blasts into the air and hardens
b. magma that remains underground too long
c. molten rock
d. lava that flows underwater
____ 43. Which of these describes a climate change caused by a volcanic eruption?
a. Temperatures rise because of the heat coming from lava.
b. Ash blocks sunlight, causing temperatures to drop.
c. Burned land creates dry conditions.
d. Volcanic eruptions don’t cause climate changes.
____ 44. What is a rift?
a. a closed vent
b. a crack in Earth’s crust
c. an instrument that predicts eruptions
d. a hot spot
____ 45. What is a tiltmeter?
a. an instrument that measures gases
b. an instrument that measures changes in a volcano’s slope
c. an instrument that measures the intensity of earthquakes
d. an instrument that measures the temperature inside a volcano
____ 46. Which kind of volcano is most likely to erupt soon?
a. an active volcano
c. a dormant volcano
b. an extinct volcano
d. a chamber volcano
____ 47. Which kind of volcano will probably never erupt again?
a. an active volcano
b. an extinct volcano
____ 48. Repeated eruptions of lava create
a. calderas.
b. craters.
c. a dormant volcano
d. a chamber volcano
c. explosives.
d. volcanoes.
____ 49. Which kind of volcanic eruption is most destructive?
a. atmospheric
c. pahoehoe
b. explosive
d. nonexplosive
____ 50. Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens are
a. shield volcanoes.
b. cinder cone volcanoes.
c. composite volcanoes.
d. calderas.
____ 51. Mauna Kea is a
a. crater.
b. shield volcano.
c. cinder cone volcano.
d. composite volcano.
____ 52. Magma forms in deep in Earth’s crust and in the mantle where
a. temperature and pressure are low.
c. temperature and pressure are high.
b. temperature is high and pressure is low.
d. temperature is low and pressure is high.
____ 53. Only about 5% of volcanoes on land form
a. along divergent boundaries.
b. along convergent boundaries.
c. in hot spots.
d. in the Ring of Fire.
____ 54. When infrared images show that an area is getting hotter, what is probably happening there?
a. Magma is probably sinking deeper into Earth’s crust.
b. Magma is rising in an active volcano.
c. Lava inside a caldera is being warmed by the sun.
d. Pyroclastic material is filling a magma chamber.
Completion
Complete each statement.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
caldera
crater
magma
rift zone
hot spots
vents
shield
lava plateau
cinder cone
55. When the roof of a magma chamber collapses, a(n) ____________________ results.
56. Openings in Earth’s crust through which magma is released are called ____________________.
57. A set of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other is called
a(n) ____________________.
58. Parts of tectonic plates that are located above mantle plumes are called ____________________.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
magma
landforms
blocky lava
lapilli
59. The molten rock inside a volcano is called ____________________.
60. Cool, stiff lava that forms jumbled heaps is called ____________________.
61. Craters, calderas, and lava plateaus are volcanic ____________________.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
collide
rift
slide
rift zone
62. Most active volcanoes on land form where plates ____________________.
63. A set of deep cracks between plates is called a(n) ____________________.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
volcano
vents
magma chamber
lava
64. A ____________________ is like an underground lake of molten rock.
65. Once magma flows onto Earth’s surface, it is called ____________________.
66. A landform called a ____________________ is capable of great destruction and great creation.
67. Volcanic material escapes Earth through ____________________ in active volcanoes.
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below.
GPS
satellite
tiltmeter
magma chamber
68. A ____________________ detects small changes in a volcano’s slope.
69. Changes in temperature show up in infrared ____________________ images.
70. Changes in temperature, slope, or earthquake activity indicate changes in a volcano’s
____________________.