Download face muscular system

FACE
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
Joanna Jaskuła, DDS
Orthodontic department
ELEMENTS OF THE
MASTICATORY ORGAN
Teeth
Periodontium
Alveolar bone
Maxilla and mandible
Temporo-mandibular joint
Neuromuscular system
FUNCTIONS OF THE
MASTICATORY ORGAN
chewing
speaking
swallowing
breathing
creating personal image
FACE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Masticatory muscles
Facial muscles
Suprahyoid muscles
Tongue muscles
Palatal muscles
FACIAL MUSCLES
FACIAL MUSCLES
Contrary to other skeletal muscles, the facial muscles
attach to soft tissues (skin, mucose membrane).
The facial muscles are like elastic sheets that are
stretched in layers over the cranium, facial bones, the
openings they form, and the cartilage, fat, and other
tissues of the head.
These are the muscles of facial expression, acting singly
and in combination.
FACIAL MUSCLES
ORBICULARIS ORIS MUSCLE
Orbicularis oris is the sphincter muscle around the mouth, forming
much of the tissue of the lips. It has extensive connections to muscles
that converge on the mouth. This muscle acts to shape and control the
size of the mouth opening and is important for creating the lip
positions and movements during speech. Several different strands
can be distinguished that allow it to form the lips into versatile shapes.
As an expressive muscle, four relatively distinct movements can be
produced by orbicularis oris, a pressing together, a tightening and
thinning, a rolling inwards between the teeth, and a thrusting
outwards. It is sometimes known as the kissing muscle because it is
used to pucker the lips.
Orbicularis oris is innervated by the lower zygomatic, buccal, and
mandibular branches of the facial nerve (VII) and is supplied with
blood by the facial artery.
FACIAL MUSCLES
BUCCINATOR MUSCLE
Buccinator originates in the maxilla and mandible in the area of
the molar teeth and inserts into various muscles at the
corner of the mouth. It acts to compress the cheeks tight to
the teeth, and tighten and pull the lip corners inwards and
somewhat laterally, often dimpling the cheeks. It forms a
large part of the lateral wall of the mouth. Its functions
include keeping food in the mouth where it can be
masticated by the teeth.
Because of its importance in expelling air through pursed
lips, blowpipes, or wind instruments, it has been called the
"trumpet muscle."
Buccinator is innervated by the deep buccal branches of the
facial nerve (VII) and is supplied with blood by the maxillary
and facial arteries.
MASTICATORY MUSCLES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Masseter muscle
Temporal muscle
Medial pterygoid muscle
Lateral pterygoid muscle
MASTICATORY MUSCLES
MASSETER MUSCLE
Origin and insertion of the two heads
Superficial
The superficial portion, the larger, arises from the zygomatic process of
the maxilla, and from the anterior two-thirds of the lower border of the
zygomatic arch. Its fibers pass downward and backward, to be inserted
into the angle and lower half of the lateral surface of the ramus of the
mandible.
Deep
The deep portion is much smaller. It arises from the posterior third of the
lower border and from the whole of the medial surface of the zygomatic arch
Its fibers pass downward and forward, to be inserted into the upper half of
the ramus of the mandible.
Innervation
The masseter is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal
nerve.
Action
It acts to raise the jaw and clench the teeth
Masseter muscle
MASTICATORY MUSCLES
Temporal muscle
Structure
It arises from the temporal fossa and the deep part of temporal fascia. It
passes medial to the zygomatic arch and inserts onto the coronoid process
of the mandible.
The temporalis muscle is covered by the temporal fascia temporal fascia,
also known as the temporal aponeurosis.
The muscle can be felt if one places their fingers on their temples (on the
sides of their head, just behind the eyebrows), while clenching and
unclenching their teeth.
Innervation
As with the other muscles of mastication, control of the temporalis muscle
comes from the third (mandibular) branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Specifically, the temporalis is innervated by the deep temporal nerves.
Actions
Contraction of the temporalis muscle elevates the mandible. The
somewhat horizontal fibers of the posterior part of the muscle retract the
mandible
Temporal musscle
MASTICATORY MUSCLES
MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
Origin and insertion
It consists of two heads.
The bulk of the muscle arises as a deep head from the medial surface of the
lateral pterygoid plate
The smaller, superficial head originates from the maxillary tuberosity and
the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.
Its fibers pass downward, lateral, and posterior, and are inserted, by a
strong tendinous lamina, into the lower and back part of the medial surface
of the ramus and angle of the mandible, as high as the mandibular foramen.
The insertion joins the masseter muscle to form a common tendinous sling
which allows the medial pterygoid and masseter to be powerful elevators of
the jaw.
Innervation
The medial pterygoid is innervated by the mandibular branch of the
trigeminal nerve (V3).
Actions
It closes the jaw and help in mastication along with lateral pterygoid in side
to side movement of jaw and protrusion. It elevates the jaw, and in some
aspect pulls it forward.
MEDIAL PTERYGOID
MUSCLE
MEDIAL
PTERYGOID
MUSCLE
MASTICATORY MUSCLES
LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
Origin and insertion
The upper/superior head originates on the infratemporal surface and
infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and the
lower/inferior head on the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.
Both heads insert onto the pterygoid fovea under the condyloid process of
the mandible; the articular disc and fibrous capsule of the TMJ.
Innervation
The lateral pterygoid nerve - The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial
nerve, the trigeminal nerve
Function
It acts to lower the mandible, open the jaw, and help the medial pterygoid in
moving the jaw from side to side (mastication).
Unlike the other three muscles of mastication, the lateral pterygoid is the
only one that opens the jaw, or depresses the mandible. At the beginning of
this action it is assisted by the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid
muscles.
LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
LATERAL
PTERYGOID
MUSCLE
MASTICATORY MUSCLES
MASTICATORY MUSCLES
SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES
The term suprahyoid refers to the region above (superior to) the hyoid bone in
the neck.
The suprahyoid muscles include
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
mylohyoid.
When the suprahyoid muscles contracts, they acts to elevate the hyoid bone.
If the hyoid bone is being held in place (by the infrahyoid muscles), they tend to
depress the mandible (open the mouth).
SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES
TONGUE MUSCLES
1. Internal muscles
2. External muscles
Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (n. XII)
TONGUE MUSCLES
INTERNAL MUSCLES
Lingualis inferior
Lingualis superior
Lingualis transverse
Lingualis vertical
TONGUE MUSCLES
EXTERNAL MUSCLES
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Pharyngoglossus
Genioglossus
TONGUE MUSCLES
TONGUE MUSCLES
The tongue is composed of muscle tissue with a
coating of sensors (dorsal surface) for taste,
heat, pain, and tactile information. Some tongue
muscles are inside the tongue, make up most of
the mass of the tongue, and shape and move
the tongue. These muscles include the Lingualis
inferior, superior, transverse, and vertical. Other
tongue muscles begin outside the tongue with
only terminal fibers inside it, and control its
movement. These muscles include the
Styloglossus, the Hyoglossus, Palatoglossus,
Pharyngoglossus, and Genioglossus.
PALATAL MUSCLES
Levator veli palatini muscle
Tensor veli palatini muscle
Musculus uvulae
Palatoglossus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Action
The palatal muscles, by their contraction, pull the pharynx upward
over the bolus of food and nearly come together, the uvula filling up
the slight interval between them.
By these means the bolus is prevented from passing into the nasal
part of the pharynx.
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