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Date
Unit 8 Structure & Function of Human Body Systems Test Review
1.
1
2
3
4
5
List all 10 systems of the human body:
Skeletal
Muscular
Integumentary (Skin)
Nervous
Respiratory
6 Circulatory
7 Endocrine
8 Reproductive
9 Digestive
10 Excretory
2. What are two body systems that work together to help remove waste products from blood?
Circulatory
and
Excretory
. Explain how they do this. Blood is part of the Circulatory system
and the Excretory System has the kidneys. Kidneys help filter blood by removing waste. Blood transports
waste from various organs.
The three types of blood vessels are __Arteries_____, ___Veins____ and ____Capillaries_. Explain the difference
between the three.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart – they are the largest
Veins carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries connect arteries and veins – these are very small
3. A negative feedback mechanism helps the body to maintain __homeostasis__________; explain how this works.
In people who are diabetic, if they have a high blood sugar level, then the pancreas starts making insulin. The
increased insulin helps bring the high blood sugar level to a normal range.
4. Name the systems in the table:
System B
System D
System A
System C
Transports nutrients
to body cells
Absorbs nutrients
Provides protection
for tissues and organs
Produces chemicals
to regulate bone
growth
Transports oxygen
to body cells
Breaks down food into
Simple substances
Provides structure
and frame for body
Maintains proper
Blood sugar level
Helps with removing
Wastes from cells
Converts food into
energy
Produces new red
Blood cells
Helps to shape
mood and feelings
System A ___Skeletal______
System C ____Endocrine______
System B _____Circulatory_______________
System D _____Digestive_______________
5. Do human body systems work independently of each other? Why or why not, explain.
No, human body systems work with other systems in order to maintain homeostasis. For example, the skeletal system
could not move without the muscles. Muscles help to protect the bones and they connect bones using ligaments and
tendons.
6. What are the two main layers of skin called?
Epidermis and the dermis
7. What protects bones from getting worn down?
Cartilage at the ends of bones
8. What important mineral is stored in bones?
Calcium
9. What’s the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? Which do you have more of?
Voluntary muscles – you have control over how they move (skeletal)
Involuntary muscles – you cannot control them. (cardiac and smooth)
You have more voluntary muscles (skeletal muscles)
10. How many bones are in the adult human body? In a baby? Why is there a difference?
206 in an adult; over 300 in a baby. Babies have more bones because the bones have not completely fused together.
11. What is the largest organ of the human body?
Skin
12. What is the main role of the large intestine? Of the small intestine?
The large intestines main role is to absorb excess water.
The small intestines main role is to absorb nutrients from broken down food.
13. What type of acid breaks down food? Where does this happen?
HCl known as hydrochloric acid breaks down food in the stomach.
14. What do kidneys do?
Kidneys filter the blood.
15. The organ that holds urine until it leaves the body is called the _urinary bladder______.
16. Label the organs in the diagram (1-4)
17. Describe the main function of the organs in the diagram
1 ______esophagus__ - transports food from mouth to stomach (peristalsis)_______
2______stomach____ - _breaks down food into chyme______________
3______small intestine_ - _absorbs nutrients into the blood stream(villi)___
4______large intestine__ - _absorbs excess water and eliminates waste____
18. A basketball player helps maintain stable body temperature during the game by perspiring.
The sweat helps cool his body by evaporating. This is an example of _maintaining homeostasis_.
19. How do impulses moves from one neuron to another across a small space? An impulse moves from one neuron
to another across a small space called a synapse.
20. How do nerve signals travel from nerve to nerve?
Nerve signals travel from axons to dendrites.
21. The branch of the neuron that receives messages and sends them to the cell body is called:
Dendrites receive messages.
22. Branches that lead from the trachea and into the lungs are called?
Branches that lead from the trachea into the lungs are called bronchi.
23. List the structures of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity trachea
pharynx
larynx
bronchi
lungs bronchioles alveoli
diaphragm (Stomach is not a part of the respiratory system)
24. What is the major role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin attracts and transports oxygen to the body cells
25. The two upper chambers of the heart are called the:
Atria
26. What helps clot blood?
Platelets help clot blood
27. The liquid part of the blood consisting of mostly water is called __plasma_______.
28. Red blood cells are formed in the ___bone_marrow___.
29. The bones in the cranium are an example of a ___fixed___ joint.
30. What is an example of a ball and socket joint?
A ball and socket joint are found at the hips and shoulders
31. What are the parts of the integumentary system?
Skin, hair and nails
32. What are the chemicals produced by the endocrine system called? Hormones are produced in glands.
33. Attached to the hypothalamus of the brain, the ______pituitary_____ gland produces a hormone that affects a wide
range of activities from growth to reproduction.
34. The __adrenal____ gland sits on top of the kidneys and helps the body adapt to physical and emotional stress.
35. What is the function of hormones?
Hormones regulate the functions of organs that help maintain homeostasis.
36. What are the male reproductive organs which primarily produce testosterone called? testes
37. About once a month, an egg is released from an ovary in a process called __ovulation_.
38. What is the union of sperm and egg called? fertilization
____Lymph__ __nodes__ help filter out foreign materials that have been taken up by lymphocytes.
The main function of the endocrine system is to __regulate hormones in the body__.
39. As blood in the legs travels upward to get back to the heart, the force of gravity wants to pull the blood down. The
structures in the chest that bring the blood back to the heart from the legs are called Inferior Vena Cava and from the
upper body are called Superior Vena Cava.
40. The three systems that help to control body temperature are the integumentary, muscular, and _endocrine __
systems.
41. What is the difference between the gall bladder and the urinary bladder?
The gall bladder is in the digestive system and stores the enzyme bile.
The urinary bladder is in the excretory system and stores urine that came from the kidneys.
42. Be able to identify all system drawings and the major organs of each.
Respiratory System
Circulatory (cardiovascular) System
Excretory System
Digestive System
Gas Exchange in the Respiratory System
43. How do gills of a fish help their survival?
The water passes through the gills and oxygen is pulled into the blood stream of the fish in order
to help them breathe underwater.
44. Why are birds able to fly? Explain.
Bird’s bones are hollow and lightweight allowing them to lift their bodies easily.
45. What is the purpose of the xylem in plants?
The purpose of xylem in plants is to transport water, minerals and nutrients from the roots up the stem and to the leaves.
46. Complete the following table by writing the human body system that would represent each of the following cell organelles.
Cell Organelle
Human Body System
Nucleus
Nervous
Cell Wall
Skeletal
Lysosomes
Excretory
Endoplasmic reticulum
Circulatory (blood)
Mitochondria
Digestive (gets your energy by the food we eat)