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• Application-Specific Integrated
Circuit
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ARM Holdings
1
The company was founded as Advanced
RISC Machines, ARM, a joint venture
between Acorn Computers, Apple
Computer (now Apple Inc.) and VLSI
Technology. The new company intended
to further the development of the Acorn
RISC Machine's RISC chip, which was
originally used in the Acorn Archimedes
and had been selected by Apple for their
Newton project. The design was flexible
and is now the processing core for many
custom application-specific integrated
circuits.
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Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless - Software
1
For software developers, Brew MP is a full
set of application programming interfaces
(API) that enables making software and
applications in C, C++, Java, and is
supported (platform) by an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC). It has a
memory footprint of about 15,900 K. Brew
MP runs on Brew RTOS.
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Automated teller machine - Hardware
1
Due to heavier computing demands and the
falling price of Personal Computer-like
architectures, ATMs have moved away from
custom hardware architectures using
microcontrollers and/or application-specific
integrated circuits to adopting the hardware
architecture of a Personal Computer, such
as, USB connections for peripherals,
Ethernet and IP communications, and use
personal computer operating systems
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Internet protocol suite - Implementations
1
Non-programmable analog and digital
electronics are normally in charge of
the physical components below the
link layer, typically using an
application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC) chipset for each network
interface or other physical standard
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Free and open-source graphics device driver - Viewed from the hardware developer's
perspective
Application-specific integrated
circuitry / Integrated circuitry/
microprocessors designed and
suitable to efficiently, when looking at
power consumption and silicon,
accelerate the calculations required
by the rasterisation of 3D wire-frame
models, is actually pretty simple and
straight forward.
1
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Embedded system - ASIC and FPGA solutions
A common array of n configuration for
very-high-volume embedded systems is
the system on a chip (SoC) which contains
a complete system consisting of multiple
processors, multipliers, caches and
interfaces on a single chip. SoCs can be
implemented as an application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) or using a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA).
1
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Compiler - Hardware compilation
1
The output of some compilers may target
computer hardware at a very low level, for
example a Field Programmable Gate Array
(FPGA) or structured Application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC)
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Ericsson - Ericsson Mobile Platforms
1
The product offerings include reference
designs, platform software, applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC)
designs and development boards,
development and test tools, training,
support and documentation
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Integrated circuit - Advances in integrated circuits
Digital memory chips and
application-specific integrated
circuits (ASIC)s are examples of other
families of integrated circuits that are
important to the modern information
society
1
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Parallel computing - Application-specific integrated circuits
1
Several application-specific integrated
circuit (ASIC) approaches have been
devised for dealing with parallel
applications.
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Ethernet - Bridging and switching
1
The eventual remedy for this was a return
to the original store and forward approach
of bridging, where the packet would be
read into a buffer on the switch in its
entirety, verified against its checksum and
then forwarded, but using more powerful
application-specific integrated circuits
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Router (computing) - Forwarding
These functions may be performed
through the same internal paths that the
packets travel inside the router. Some of
the functions may be performed through
an application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC) to avoid overhead caused by
multiple CPU cycles, and others may have
to be performed through the CPU as these
packets need special attention that cannot
be handled by an ASIC.
1
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Bitcoin protocol - Bitcoin mining
1
An arms race has been observed through
the various hashing technologies that
have been used to mine bitcoins: basic
CPUs, High-end GPUs (Graphical
Processing Units) common in many
gaming computers, FPGAs (Field
Programmable Gate Arrays) and ASICs
(Application-specific integrated circuits)
all have been used with the latter
reducing profitability of each former
technology
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Hardware description language - Design using HDL
Depending on the physical technology
(Field-programmable gate array|FPGA,
Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC
gate array, ASIC standard cell), HDLs may
or may not play a significant role in the
back-end flow
1
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Xbox 360 technical problems - Causes
Electronics industry newspaper EE
Times reported that the problems may
have started in the graphics chip.
Microsoft designed the chip in-house
to cut out the traditional Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC
vendor with the goal of saving money
in ASIC design costs. After multiple
product failures, Microsoft went back
to an ASIC vendor and had the chip
redesigned so it would dissipate less
heat.
1
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Semiconductor chip - Advances in integrated circuits
1
Digital Random access memory|memory
chips and application-specific integrated
circuits (ASIC)s are examples of other
families of integrated circuits that are
important to the modern information
society
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System-on-chip - Design flow
1
After debug the hardware of the SoC
follows the place and route|placeand-route phase of the design of an
integrated circuit or Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC
before it is fabricated.
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Wireless sensor network - Characteristics
1
Other possible inclusions are energy
harvesting modules, secondary
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs, and possibly secondary
communication interface (e.g
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Cisco IOS - Architecture
In routers with hardware-based
forwarding, such as the Cisco 12000
series, IOS computes the FIB in software
and loads it into the forwarding hardware
(such as an Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC or network processor), which
performs the actual packet forwarding
function.
1
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ASIC
An 'application-specific integrated
circuit (ASIC)' , is an integrated circuit
(IC) customized for a particular use,
rather than intended for generalpurpose use. For example, a chip
designed to run in a digital voice
recorder is an ASIC. Applicationspecific standard products (ASSPs) are
intermediate between ASICs and
industry standard integrated circuits
1
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Signal processing - Digital signal processing
1
Processing is done by general-purpose
computers or by digital circuits such as
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs, field-programmable gate
arrays or specialized digital signal
processors (DSP chips)
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Blue Gene - Architecture
1
Each Blue Gene/L Compute or I/O node
was a single Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC with associated
Dynamic random access memory|DRAM
memory chips
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Neurostimulation - Cochlear Implants
1
The internal unit in the cochlear implants is
an ASIC (Application-specific integrated
circuit) chip that is responsible to ensure
safe and reliable electric stimulation
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Electronic circuits - Digital circuits
1
Digital circuitry is used to create general
purpose computing chips, such as
microprocessors, and custom-designed
logic circuits, known as application-specific
integrated circuit (ASICs). Fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs), chips
with logic circuitry whose configuration can
be modified after fabrication, are also
widely used in prototyping and
development.
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Parallel programming - Application-specific integrated circuits
1
Several application-specific integrated
circuit (ASIC) approaches have been
devised for dealing with parallel
applications.Maslennikov, Oleg (2002).
[http://www.springerlink.com/content/j
jrdrb0lelyeu3e9/ Systematic Generation
of Executing Programs for Processor
Elements in Parallel ASIC or FPGABased Systems and Their Transformation
into VHDL-Descriptions of Processor
Element Control Units.] Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, '2328/2002:' p.272.
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CMOS - Power: switching and leakage
CMOS logic dissipates less power than
NMOS logic circuits because CMOS
dissipates power only when switching
(dynamic power). On a typical applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC in a
modern 90 nanometer process, switching
the output might take 120 picoseconds,
and happens once every ten
nanoseconds. NMOS logic dissipates
power whenever the transistor is on,
because there is a current path from Vdd
to Vss through the load resistor and the n-
1
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Physics processing unit - History
This project was extended into a
considerably more advanced Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC-based
system named HELLAS.
1
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Digital signal processing
1
DSP algorithms have long been run on
standard computers, as well as on
specialized processors called digital
signal processor and on purpose-built
hardware such as application-specific
integrated circuit (ASICs)
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Digital signal processing - Implementation
1
Beginning in 2007, multicore implementations
of DSPs have started to emerge from
companies including Freescale and Stream
Processors, Inc. For faster applications with
vast usage, Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs might be designed specifically.
For slow applications, a traditional slower
processor such as a microcontroller may be
adequate. Also a growing number of DSP
applications are now being implemented on
Embedded Systems using powerful PCs with
a Multi-core processor.
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Intel Corporation - SRAMS and the microprocessor
Originally developed for the Japanese
company Busicom to replace a number of
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs in a calculator already
produced by Busicom, the Intel 4004 was
introduced to the mass market on
November 15, 1971, though the
microprocessor did not become the core of
Intel's business until the mid-1980s
1
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MIFARE - MIFARE Classic
1
The MIFARE Classic card is fundamentally
just a memory storage device, where the
memory is divided into segments and
blocks with simple security mechanisms
for access control. They are Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC-based and
have limited computational power. Thanks
to their reliability and low cost, those
cards are widely used for electronic
wallet, access control, corporate ID cards,
transportation or stadium ticketing.
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Sensor node - Controller
1
While the most common controller is
a microcontroller, other alternatives
that can be used as a controller are: a
general purpose Desktop
computer|desktop microprocessor,
digital signal processors, Field
Programmable Gate Array|FPGAs
and Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs
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3Com - 1997-2000
In the lucrative server network
interface card business, 3Com
remained second in market share,
after Intel. 3Com never managed to
beat Intel with its own products or
even with joint ventures with
Broadcom . It started developing
Gigabit Ethernet cards in-house but
later scrapped the plans. Later, it
formed a joint venture with
1
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VHDL - History
VHDL was originally developed at the
behest of the United States Department of
Defense|U.S Department of Defense in
order to document the behavior of the
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs that supplier companies
were including in equipment.
1
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Atmel
1
Atmel supplies its devices as standard
products, application-specific integrated
circuits (ASICs), or application-specific
standard product (ASSPs) depending on
the requirements of its customers.
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FTDI
FTDI provides application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) design
services. They also provide
consultancy services for product
design, specifically in the realm of
electronic devices. The company's
flagship product is its FTDI Chip, an
integrated circuit which is a common
component on electronic devices using
microcontrollers, such as the Arduino
physical computing platform (up to
before Arduino#ArduinoUno|Arduino
1
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Arista Networks - Extensible Operating System
1
There are more than 100 independent
regular Process (computing)|processes,
called agents, responsible for different
aspects and features of the switch,
including drivers that manage the
switching Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs, the Command-line
interface|CLI, Simple Network
Management Protocol|SNMP, Spanning
Tree Protocol, and various routing
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Arista Networks - Ethernet switches
1
All of Arista's switches are built using
merchant silicon instead of custom
switching Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs
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LAN switching - Layer 2 switching
Layer 2 switching is hardware
based,[http://www.techsoftcomputing
.com/internetworkdesign/nd2002.ht
ml#wp3310 Techsoft Computing]
which means switches use
application-specific integrated circuit
(ASICs) to build and maintain filter
tables (also known as MAC address
tables or CAM Table|CAM tables)
1
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LAN switching - Layer 3 switching
1
Layer 3 switching is all hardware-based
packet forwarding, and all packet
forwarding is handled by hardware
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs. Layer 3 switches really are
no different functionally than a traditional
router and perform the same functions,
which are listed here
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Atmel AVR - Brief history
1
The original AVR MCU was developed
at a local Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC house in
Trondheim, Norway called Nordic VLSI
at the time, now Nordic Semiconductor,
where Bogen and Wollan were working
as students
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Forwarding plane - Issues in router forwarding performance
Routers may have one or more
processors. In a uniprocessor design,
these performance parameters are
affected not just by the processor
speed, but by competition for the
processor. Higher-performance
routers invariably have multiple
processing elements, which may be
general-purpose processor chips or
specialized application-specific
1
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Norwegian Institute of Technology - Commercial impact
*Nordic Semiconductor|Nordic
Semiconductor ASA (application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC design, SoCs, radio
frequency|RF/mixed-signal hybrid
integrated circuit|IC's) [
http://www.nordicsemi.no/index.cfm?obj=
menuact=displayMenumen=65]
1
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Eben Upton
'Eben Christopher Upton' is a
Technical Director and Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC
Systems architect|architect for
Broadcom. He is also a founder and
former trustee of the Raspberry Pi
Foundation, responsible for the overall
software architecture|software and
hardware architecture of the
Raspberry Pi device.
1
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Universal Metering Interface - Current business
Application-specific integrated
circuits (ASICs) and fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs)
are also developed
1
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Open hardware
Since the rise of reconfigurable
programmable logic devices, sharing of logic
designs has been a form of open-source
hardware. Instead of the schematics,
hardware description language (HDL) code is
shared. HDL descriptions are commonly used
to set up system-on-a-chip systems either in
field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or
directly in application-specific integrated
circuit (ASIC) designs. HDL modules, when
distributed, are called semiconductor
intellectual property cores, or IP cores.
1
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Internet protocol suite - Implementations
Non-programmable analog and digital
electronics are normally in charge of the
physical components below the link layer,
typically using an application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) chipset for each
network interface or other physical
standard
1
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Target language (computing) - Hardware compilation
1
The output of some compilers may target
computer hardware at a very low level, for
example a Field Programmable Gate Array
(FPGA) or structured Application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC)
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Renesas Technology - Products
1
** Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs
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Content switch - Layer 3 switching
1
The major difference between the packet
switching operation of a router
(computing)|router and that of a Network
layer|Layer 3 switch is the physical
implementation. In general-purpose
routers, packet switching takes place
using software that runs on a
microprocessor, whereas a Layer 3 switch
performs this using dedicated applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware.
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Synopsys
1
Synopsys offers a wide range of other
products used in the design of an
application-specific integrated circuit
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Reconfigurable computing
1
application-specific integrated circuits
(ASICs) is the possibility to adapt the
hardware during runtime by loading a
new circuit on the reconfigurable
fabric.
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Local Interconnect Network - Network topology
1
The master is typically a microcontroller,
whereas the slaves are implemented as
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs.
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Converged network adapter - Broadcom
1
Broadcom offers their CNAs under their
own brand name but also sell the
application-specific integrated circuits and
other related components to others
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FPGA
A 'field-programmable gate array'
('FPGA') is an integrated circuit
designed to be configured by a
customer or a designer after
manufacturing—hence fieldprogrammable. The FPGA
configuration is generally specified
using a hardware description
language (HDL), similar to that used
for an application-specific integrated
1
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HP Integrity - General
1
It consisted of three distinct applicationspecific integrated circuits; a memory and
I/O controller, a scalable memory adapter
and an I/O adapter.
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Application-specific integrated circuit
An 'application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC)' , is an integrated circuit (IC)
customized for a particular use, rather than
intended for general-purpose use. For
example, a chip designed to run in a digital
voice recorder or a high efficiency
Bitcoin_mining#Bitcoin_mining|Bitcoin miner
is an ASIC. Application-specific standard
products (ASSPs) are intermediate between
ASICs and industry standard integrated
circuits like the 7400 series|7400 or the 4000
series.
1
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Xilinx - Growth
These targeted design platforms are an
alternative to costly application-specific
integrated circuits (ASICs) and applicationspecific standard products (ASSPs).Lou
Sosa, Electronic Design
1
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Graphics hardware and FOSS - Viewed from the hardware developer's
perspective
Application-specific integrated
circuitry / Integrated circuitry/
microprocessors, when designed with
the primary goal of efficiency, with
regards to power consumption, silicon
usage, and the actual acceleration of
the calculations required to
Rasterization|rasterise 3D wire-frame
models, are actually pretty simple
and straight forward.
1
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Graphics hardware and FOSS - Viewed from the hardware developer's perspective
Especially potential newcomers to the
business of graphic acceleration
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs would gain a considerable
amount of know-how, without bearing the
very high costs involved in the
development of the know-how.
1
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HP 2100 - A-Series (1981-1996)
*A990 - CPU implemented with two
208-pin CMOS application-specific
integrated circuits (ASICs), 298
instructions, supports up to 512 MB of
memory.
1
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Label switched path - Competitors
1
This goal is no longer relevant because of
the usage of newer switching methods,
such as Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC, Content-addressable
memory#Ternary CAMs|TCAM and
Content-addressable memory|CAM-based
switching
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PowerPC 600 - 60x bus
1
It helped the Apple Power Macintosh
team by reducing the amount of
redesign of their support Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASICs and it
reduced the amount of time required
for the processor designers and
architects to propose, document,
negotiate, and close a new bus
interface (successfully avoiding the
Bus Wars expected by the 601
management team if the 88110 bus or
the previous RSC buses hadn't been
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Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program - Major acquisitions
In December 2000, Juniper acquired
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC design firm Micro Magic
Inc., for $260 million in stocks and cash
1
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Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program - Core wars
The product was a first-ever
implementation of packet forwarding in
silicon (Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs) that could sustain linerate packet forwarding across eight
packet-over-Synchronous optical
networking|SONET (Optical Carrier
transmission rates#OC-48 / STM-16x /
2.5G SONET|OC48c) ports in a half-19inch rack|rack form factor
1
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Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program - Current router product lineup
While the E, LN, M, MX, T and PTX
series are all high speed Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC
based devices capable of terminating
multiple broadband optical
connections, the Juniper J-Series|JSeries forwarding plane is partially
software-driven. Juniper J-Series|JSeries also is capable of carrying nonJuniper hardware in the form of Avaya
1
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PowerPC 400
1
The 'PowerPC 400' family is a line of 32-bit
Embedded system|embedded RISC
microprocessor|processor cores built using
Power Architecture technology. The cores are
designed to fit inside specialized applications
ranging from system-on-a-chip (SoC)
microcontrollers, network appliances,
application-specific integrated circuits
(ASICs) and field-programmable gate arrays
(FPGAs) to set-top boxes, storage devices
and supercomputers.
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NCR 53C9x
The 'NCR 53C9x' is a family of
application-specific integrated circuits
(ASIC) produced by the former NCR
Corporation and others for implementing
the SCSI (small computer standard
interface) bus protocol in hardware and
relieving the host system of the work
required to sequence the SCSI bus
1
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Virtual circuit - Layer 2/3 virtual circuits
Switches can easily be implemented in
Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC
hardware, while routing is more complex
and requires software implementation
1
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Spacewire - Protocols
1
* 239: Serial Transfer Universal Protocol
(STUP) (Used on
[http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/produ
ct_card.asp?part_id=4206 SMCS-332]
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC)
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CPU design - Details
1
* CMOS Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs - what's commonly used
today, they're so common that the term
ASIC is not used for CPUs
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IEEE Robert N. Noyce Medal - Recipients
*'2005:' Wilfred Corrigan|Wilfred J.
Corrigan (LSI Logic, United States) For
pioneering the modern day gate-array,
standard cell|standard-cell
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC, System-on-achip|system-on-chip and platform
ASIC markets and for leadership in
semiconductor business, technology,
and industry cooperation.
1
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Standard cell
1
In semiconductor design, 'standard
cell' methodology is a method of
designing application-specific
integrated circuits (ASICs) with
mostly digital-logic features. In
physics a standard cell has long been,
as defined by the Oxford English
Dictionary, 2nd ed., any of several
forms of voltaic cell which produce a
constant and reproducible
electromotive force if lightly loaded;
i.e., a voltage Technical
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OpenCores - The OpenCores library
Currently the emphasis is on digital
modules called 'cores', commonly known
as Semiconductor intellectual property
core|IP Cores. The components are used
for creating both custom integrated circuits
(Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs) and Field-programmable
gate array|FPGAs.
1
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IP core
1
IP cores can be used as building blocks
within application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC chip designs or fieldprogrammable gate array|FPGA logic
designs.
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LEON - LEON processor models and distributions
1
A LEON processor can be implemented in
programmable logic device|programmable
logic such as an Field-programmable gate
array|FPGA or manufactured into an
Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC.
This section and the subsequent subsections
focus on the LEON processors as soft IP
cores and summarise the main features of
each processor version and the infrastructure
with which the processor is packaged,
referred to as a LEON distribution.
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LSI Logic - 1981-2004
1
LSI Logic started developing its CoreWare
technology in 1992. In 1993, Sony Computer
Entertainment chose LSI Logic as their
application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC
partner, charged with fitting the PlayStation
CPU on a single chip. LSI’s CoreWare could
do it, while other offers made to Sony needed
two chips. Sony also worked with LSI’s
engineers develop the graphics engine, DMA
controller, Channel I/O|I/O and bus
controllers.
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OpenRISC - Implementations
As the OpenRISC 1000 is now considered
stable the OpenCores project is trying to build
a cost-efficient Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC with this design to get improved
performance.[http://opencores.org/donation
OpenCores - Call for OpenRISC ASIC
donations] They launched a call for donations
in 2011 with the aim to produce the first ASIC
in Q1 2012.[http://opencores.org/donation,faq
OpenCores donation FAQ] As of January
2014, the first ASIC hasn't been produced
yet.
1
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OpenRISC - Commercial implementations
Flextronics International and Jennic
Limited manufactured the OpenRISC as
part of an Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC
1
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Image processor - Models
Image processor users are using industry
standard products, application-specific
standard products (ASSP) or even
application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC)
with trade names: Canon's is called DIGIC,
Nikon's EXPEED, Olympus' TruePic,
Panasonic's VENUS Engine and Sony's
BIONZ. Some are known to be based on the
Fujitsu Milbeaut, the Texas Instruments
OMAP, Panasonic MN103, Zoran
Corporation|Zoran Coach, Altek Sunny or
Sanyo image/video processors.
1
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Register-transfer level - RTL description
Using an Electronic design
automation|EDA tool for synthesis, this
description can usually be directly
translated to an equivalent hardware
implementation file for an Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC or an
FPGA. The logic synthesis|synthesis
tool also performs logic optimization.
1
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Bitcoin mining
1
An arms race has been observed through
the various hashing technologies that have
been used to mine bitcoins: basic CPUs,
high-end GPUs (graphics processing
units) common in many gaming
computers, FPGAs (field-programmable
gate arrays) and ASICs (applicationspecific integrated circuits) all have been
used with the latter reducing profitability of
each former technology
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Application-specific standard product
An 'application specific standard
product' or 'ASSP' is an integrated
circuit that implements a specific
function that appeals to a wide market.
As opposed to Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs that combine a
collection of functions and are
designed by or for one customer,
ASSPs are available as off-the-shelf
components. ASSPs are used in all
industries, from automotive to
communications.
1
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Uncommitted Logic Array
1
A 'gate array' or 'uncommitted logic array'
('ULA') is an approach to the design and
manufacture of application-specific
integrated circuits (ASICs), using a
prefabricated chip with active devices like
NAND-gates, that are later interconnected
according to a custom order by adding
metal layers in the factory environment.
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Library (electronics)
1
#In semiconductor design, standard
cell methodology is a method of
designing application-specific
integrated circuits (ASICs) with
mostly digital-logic features.
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Field-programmable gate array
1
A 'field-programmable gate array' ('FPGA')
is an integrated circuit designed to be
configured by a customer or a designer
after manufacturing hence fieldprogrammable. The FPGA configuration is
generally specified using a hardware
description language (HDL), similar to that
used for an application-specific integrated
circuit (ASIC) (circuit diagrams were
previously used to specify the
configuration, as they were for ASICs, but
this is increasingly rare).
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Full custom
Full-custom design potentially
maximizes the performance of the
chip, and minimizes its area, but is
extremely labor-intensive to
implement. Full-custom design is
limited to ICs that are to be fabricated
in extremely high volumes, notably
certain microprocessors and a small
number of Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs.
1
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Structured ASIC platform
'Structured ASIC' is an intermediate
technology between Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC and FPGA, offering
high performance, a characteristic of
ASIC, and low Non-recurring
engineering|NRE cost, a characteristic of
FPGA.
1
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Placement (EDA) - Placement within the EDA design flow
1
In the case of application-specific
integrated circuits, or ASICs, the
chip’s core layout area comprises a
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html
Scrypt - Introduction
They are therefore easily and cheaply
implemented in hardware (for instance on
an Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC or even an Fieldprogrammable gate array|FPGA)
1
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Scrypt - Proof-of-work in cryptocurrency operations
As of May 2014, specialized
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC mining hardware is
available for scrypt-based
cryptocurrencies.
1
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Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture
1
Since its inception, the scope of AMBA
has despite its name gone far beyond
microcontroller devices, and is now widely
used on a range of Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC and SoC parts
including applications processors used in
modern portable mobile devices like
smartphones
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Leapster - Technical specifications
*CPU: Custom Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC containing an
ARCTangent 5.1 CPU, running at 96MHz.
1
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James Webb Space Telescope - Construction and engineering
1
The conversion of the analog science
data to digital form is performed by the
custom-built SIDECAR ASIC ('S'ystem
for 'I'mage 'D'igitization,
'E'nhancement, 'C'ontrol 'A'nd
'R'etrieval Application-specific
integrated circuit|'A'pplication 'S'pecific
'I'ntegrated 'C'ircuit)
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Hot-swapping - Power electronics
1
Hot-swap power circuits can now be
purchased commercially in specially
designed Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs called hotswap power managers (HSPMs).
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EDRAM
'eDRAM' stands for System on a
chip|embedded Dynamic Random
Access Memory|DRAM, a capacitorbased dynamic random-access
memory integrated on the same Die
(integrated circuit)|die or Multi-chip
module|module as an Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC or
Microprocessor|processor
1
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Mali (GPU)
The 'Mali' series of graphics
processing units (GPUs) are
semiconductor intellectual property
cores produced by ARM Holdings for
licensing in various Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC
designs by ARM partners.
1
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Family Computer Disk System
1
The RAM adapter contains 32kilobytes
(KB) of RAM for temporary program
storage, 8KB of RAM for tile and Sprite
(computer graphics)|sprite data storage,
and an Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC known as the 2C33
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Display controller - Alternatives to a VDC chip
1
An often used hybrid solution was to
use a video interface controller (often
the Motorola 6845) as a basis and
expand its capabilities with
programmable logic or an
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC. An example of such a
hybrid solution is the original VGA
card, that used an 6845 in combination
with an ASIC, that is the reason why
all current VGA based video systems
still use the hardware registers that
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Stream Processors, Inc - The Imagine Project
1
special-purpose processor (such as a
hard-wired Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC). The project
successfully demonstrated the
advantages of stream processing.
Details on the Imagine project and its
results are posted
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Denial-of-service - IPS based prevention
An Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC based IPS may detect and
block denial-of-service attacks because
they have the clock rate|processing power
and the granularity to analyze the attacks
and act like a circuit breaker in an
automated way.
1
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Apple Desktop Bus - Physical
1
The decoding transceiver Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC was
available only by request, as Apple
preferred to work more closely with
vendors. Apple possibly sold this
hardware below cost to encourage
peripheral development and their own
economy of scale. In the Macintosh
SE, the ADB is implemented in an
Apple branded PIC
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System Packet Interface
1
Another application of this interface
might be between a packet processor
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC and a traffic manager
device.
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Free and open source hardware
Since the rise of reconfigurable
programmable logic devices, sharing of
logic designs has been a form of open
source hardware. Instead of the
schematics, hardware description
language (HDL) code is shared. HDL
descriptions are commonly used to set
up system-on-a-chip systems either in
field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA)
or directly in application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) designs. HDL
modules, when distributed, are called
semiconductor intellectual property
cores, or IP cores.
1
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Integrated circuit design
Digital IC design is to produce
components such as microprocessors,
FPGAs, memories (Random-access
memory|RAM, Read-only memory|ROM,
and flash memory|flash) and digital
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs
1
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Integrated circuit design - Analog design
Computerized circuit simulation tools
enable greater IC design complexity than
hand calculations can achieve, making the
design of analog Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs practical
1
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DEFLATE - Hardware encoders
The hardware is based on a Xilinx
Virtex (FPGA)|Virtex FPGA and four
custom AHA3601 Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs
1
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Science of photography - Focus
1
The autofocus system in modern Singlelens reflex camera|SLRs use a
detector|sensor in the mirrorbox to
measure contrast. The sensor's signal is
analyzed by an application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC), and the ASIC
tries to maximize the contrast pattern by
moving lens elements. The ASICs in
modern cameras also have special
algorithms for predicting motion, and other
advanced features.
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Logic family - On-chip design styles
1
Several techniques and design styles
are primarily used in designing large
single-chip application-specific
integrated circuits (ASIC) and CPUs,
rather than generic logic families
intended for use in multi-chip
applications.
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Depletion-load NMOS logic - The HMOS processes
1
In the early to mid-1980s, CMOS was
still quite slow and used mostly for the
4000 series, Static RAMs, and lowpower Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs (such as
watch#display#digital|watch and
calculator ICs)
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NMOS logic
However, older and/or slower static
CMOS circuits used for Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASICs,
Static Random Access Memory|SRAM
etc., typically have very low static
power consumption.
1
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Qualcomm Brew - Software
1
For software developers, Brew MP is a
full set of application programming
interfaces (API) that enables making
software and applications in C
(programming language)|C, C++,
Java (programming language)|Java,
and is supported (platform) by an
application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC). It has a memory footprint of
about 15,900 kilobyte|K. Brew MP
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ESi-RISC
1
Each of these processors is licensed
as soft IP cores, suitable for
integrating into both Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASICs and
FPGAs.[http://www.eetimes.eu/desig
n/221800121] EE Times, 17 November
2009
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VLSI Technology
'VLSI Technology, Inc' was a company
which designed and manufactured custom
and semi-custom Integrated circuit|ICs.
The company was based in Silicon Valley,
with headquarters at 1109 McKay Drive in
San Jose, California. Along with LSI
Logic, VLSI Technology defined the
leading edge of the application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) business, which
accelerated the push of powerful
embedded systems into affordable
products.
1
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LSI-11 - Q-bus models
1
*Mentec M1 — Processor upgrade
board; microcode implementation of
PDP-11 instruction set by Mentec,
using Atmel 0.35Micrometre|μm
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC.
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JTAG - Example: ARM11 debug TAP
1
So this is a non-trivial example, which
is representative of a significant cross
section of JTAG-enabled systems. In
addition, it shows how control
mechanisms are built using JTAG's
register read/write primitives, and
how those combine to facilitate testing
and debugging complex logic
elements; CPUs are common, but
FPGAs and Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs include other
complex elements which need to be
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WDC 65C02 - Introduction and features
WDC makes a Verilog hardware
description model available for designing
the 65C02 core into application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs and fieldprogrammable gate array|FPGAs. As is
common in the semiconductor industry,
the company also provides a development
system, which includes a List of
microprocessor development
boards|developer board, an in-circuit
emulator (ICE) and a software
development system.
1
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Espresso heuristic logic minimizer - Espresso algorithm
1
For implementing a function in multilevel logic, the minimization result is
optimized by factorization and
mapped onto the available basic logic
cells in the target technology, whether
this concerns an Field-programmable
gate array|FPGA (Field
Programmable Gate Array) or an
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC (Application Specific
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Digital control
1
Depending on the requirements, a digital
control system can take the form of a
microcontroller to an Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC to a standard
desktop computer.
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WDC 65816/65802 - History
For designers who wish to include
W65C816S functionality into a custom
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC, WDC offers RTL
(register-transfer level) code in
Verilog.
1
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Automatic teller machine - Hardware
1
Due to heavier computing demands and
the falling price of personal computerlike architectures, ATMs have moved
away from custom hardware
architectures using microcontrollers or
application-specific integrated circuits
and have adopted the hardware
architecture of a personal computer,
such as USB connections for peripherals,
Ethernet and IP communications, and
use personal computer operating
systems.
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Processor - Integrated circuits
1
** Application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC), a microprocessor designed for a
particular use case, rather than intended
for general-purpose use
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LatticeMico32
1
LatticeMico32 is licensed under a free
(IP) core license. This means that the
Mico32 is not restricted to Lattice
FPGAs, and can be legally used on any
host architecture (FPGA, Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC, or
software emulation). It is possible to
embed a LatticeMico32 core into Xilinx
and Altera FPGAs, in addition to the
Lattice Semiconductor|Lattice parts the
LatticeMico32 was developed for.
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Sirius radio - Signal architecture and early prototypes
Early prototypes were followed by a
number of generations of Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC custom
designed chipsets, supplied at first by
Agere Systems and later supplied by
Agere Systems and their competitor ST
microelectronics.
1
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Sirius radio - Receiver technology
1
The tuner is also a custom Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC, the STA210
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Western Design Center
1
In addition to the discrete devices, WDC
offers device designs in the form of IP
cores to be used inside other chips (such
as application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs), and provides ASIC and
embedded systems consulting services
revolving around their processor designs
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Pica8 - History
1
In 2010, Pica8 was selling 48-port gigabit
Ethernet and 10-gigabit Ethernet switches
at half the price of comparable products of
Force10 and Arista Networks. It achieved
such result through combining open
source software with merchant
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs (from companies like
Broadcom, Marvell Technology
Group|Marvell, and Intel|Intel/Fulcrum) on
switches from white-box vendors.
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Video Coding Experts Group - Video coding standards
1
As has been the case with past standards,
its design provides a balance between the
coding efficiency, implementation
complexity, and cost based on state of
Very-large-scale integration|VLSI design
technology (CPUs, Digital signal
processor|DSPs, Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs, FPGAs, etc.).
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Ethernet port - Bridging and switching
1
The eventual remedy for this was a return
to the original store and forward approach
of bridging, where the packet would be
read into a buffer on the switch in its
entirety, verified against its checksum and
then forwarded, but using more powerful
application-specific integrated circuits
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Diode matrix - History
Some modern microprocessors and
application-specific integrated circuits
(ASICs) use a diode matrix or transistor
matrix control store
1
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Pirate decryption - Technical issues
The addition of an application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC took the battle
between the system designers and pirates
to another level and it bought BSkyB at
least six months of almost piracy-free
broadcasting before the pirate Sky 10
cards appeared on the market in 1996
1
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Pirate decryption - Technical issues
1
The DirecTV F card was replaced with the H
card, which contained an application-specific
integrated circuit to handle decryption.
However, due to similarities between the H
and other existing cards, it became apparent
that while the signal could not be received
without the card and its application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC, the card itself was
vulnerable to tampering by reprogramming it
to add channel tiers or additional
programming, opening TV channels to the
prying eyes of the pirates.
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Pirate decryption - ISO/IEC 7816 smartcard terminology
As some encryption systems require an
application-specific IC (Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC) on the card to
perform decryption, a pirate would also
use a card which had been auxed
(reprogrammed to pass received computer
data directly to the application-specific
decryption chip) in order to employ such
an emulation system
1
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Network appliance - Internal structure
# 'Special chip' - the vendor builds an
Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC,
without any separate software or operating
system. The appliance has a limited
interface, usually terminal console or webbased, to allow some basic configuration by
the IT staff. The manufacturer often provides
some way of accessing deeper configuration
mechanisms. Azul Systems' Vega 3 Java
Compute Appliance is an example; special
hardware modifications to the chip enable
Java application scaling.
1
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Amstrad CPC - Video
1
Underlying a CPC's video output is the
unusual pairing of a Cathode Ray Tube
Controller|CRTC (Motorola 6845 or
compatible) with a custom-designed gate
array to generate a pixel display output.
CPC6128s later in production as well as
the models from the plus range integrate
both the CRTC and the gate array's
functions with the system's Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC.
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TRS-80 CoCo - Color Computer 3 (1986–1991)
1
The CoCo 3 was compatible with most of
the CoCo 2's peripherals. Most older
software ran on it. Taking the place of the
graphics and memory hardware in the
CoCo 1 and 2 was an application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) called the GIME
(Graphics Interrupt Memory
Enhancement) chip. The GIME also
provided additional features:
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Expeed
1
In each generation Nikon uses different
versions for its professional and
consumer Digital single-lens reflex
camera|DSLRs and MILCs, whereas its
compact cameras use totally different
architectures. This is different from for
example Canon Inc.|Canons DIGIC: Its
professional DSLRs double the
processors of its consumer series. The
Expeed is an application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) built by Fujitsu
specifically for Nikon designs according
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Expeed - Variants
1
Fujitsu specifies each Milbeaut generation
with different numbers of processors. Nikon
gives no details, but uses different
designated processors in its professional and
consumer lines. Although the Milbeaut
(Expeed) is used in different Nikon designs
and by other manufacturers, the
software/firmware specifies many of its
functions and details and the number of
processors or included modules may vary in
this Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC.
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Panasonic M2 - Technical specifications
1
*Custom Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASICs
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Controller–area network - Licensing
1
Bosch holds patents on the technology,
and manufacturers of CAN-compatible
microprocessors pay license fees to
Bosch, which are normally passed on to
the customer in the price of the chip.
Manufacturers of products with custom
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs or FPGAs containing CANcompatible modules may need to pay a
fee for the CAN Protocol License.
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Cash machine - Hardware
1
Due to heavier computing demands and the
falling price of personal computer–like
architectures, ATMs have moved away from
custom hardware architectures using
microcontrollers or application-specific
integrated circuits and have adopted the
hardware architecture of a personal
computer, such as USB connections for
peripherals, Ethernet and IP communications,
and use personal computer operating
systems.
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PSoC - Overview
1
PSoC resembles an Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC: blocks can be
assigned a wide range of functions and
interconnected on-chip. Unlike an ASIC,
there is no special manufacturing process
required to create the custom
configuration - only startup code that is
created by Cypress' PSoC Designer (for
PSoC 1) or PSoC Creator (for PSoC 3 / 4 /
5) Integrated development
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Ericcson - Ericsson Mobile Platforms
The product offering included
reference designs, platform software,
application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC) designs and development
boards, development and test tools,
training, support and documentation.
Ericsson Mobile Platforms had
operations at nine global locations,
with main operations in Sweden.
1
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Intel Paragon - Compute nodes
The B-NIC Application-specific
integrated circuit|ASIC is the square
chip with the circular heat-sink.
1
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Fujitsu FR - Applications
They are used to control previous versions of
Milbeaut signal processors specialized for image
processor|image
processing.[http://www.fujitsu.com/global/news/pr/
archives/month/2005/20050207-01.html Fujitsu
Develops Multi-core Processor for HighPerformance Digital Consumer
Products][http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/mi
croelectronics/product/assp/milbeaut/ Fujitsu:
Milbeaut Imaging Processors] Although variants of
the 6th generation in 2011 and later generations
changed to dual-core ARM architecture,
Application-specific standard
product|ASSP/Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC variants
with FR controller are
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continued.
1
In-target probe
1
'In-target probe', or 'ITP' is a device
used in computer hardware and
microprocessor design, to control a
target microprocessor or similar
Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC at the register level
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Nikon D2H - D2Hs
Nikon also reported improved noise
reduction at high sensor sensitivities.
The Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC image processing was
changed to 12-bit from the original
D2H 8-bit. Auto Color
temperature|White Balance was
altered with improved low color
temperature lighting, mixed ambient,
and speedlight lighting. SYCC color
space was added, and Exif compliance
was adjusted from Exif 2.2 to Exif 2.21,
1
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Sanjay Jha - Career
1
Jha began his career at Qualcomm in
1994 as a senior engineer with the
Qualcomm very-large-scale
integration group working on the
Globalstar satellite phone, and later
on the first 13k vocoder applicationspecific integrated circuit, which was
integrated into Qualcomm's MSM2200
chipset
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ZiLOG - Products
1
After the Z80 Zilog introduced the 16-bit
Z8000 and 32-bit Z80000 processors, but
these were not particularly successful, and
the company refocused on the
microcontroller market, producing both
basic CPUs and application-specific
integrated circuit|application-specific
integrated circuits/standard products
(ASICs/ASSPs) built around a CPU core
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Software rendering
Rendering, the last step in an animation
process, gives the final appearance to the
models and animation with visual effects
such as shading, texture-mapping, shadows,
reflections and motion
blurs.http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/ite
m?id=17940930siteID=123112 In the context
of rendering (computer graphics), software
rendering refers to a rendering process that is
absent Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASICs for graphics hardware, such as
a graphics card
1
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Softmodem - Evolution and technology
1
As more sophisticated transmission schemes were
devised, the circuits grew in complexity, mixing analog
with digital parts and eventually incorporating multiple
integrated circuit|ICs such as logical gates, PLLs and
microcontrollers, while the techniques used in modern
V.34 (recommendation)|V.34, V.90
(recommendation)|V.90 and V.92 protocols (like 1024Quadrature amplitude modulation|QAM) are so
complex that implementing a modem supporting them
with discrete components or general purpose IC's
would be very impractical, and a dedicated Digital
signal processor|DSP or Application-specific integrated
circuit|ASIC is used instead, effectively turning the
modem into a special embedded system, a dedicated
computer in its own right.
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Anoto - Products
1
In addition, Anoto sells an Applicationspecific integrated circuit|ASIC design
for the image processing component of
the pen; most pen licencees use the
same basic design of optical assembly
and pen internals
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For More Information, Visit:
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m/the-application-specificintegrated-circuit-toolkit.html
The Art of Service
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