Download Chapter 8: The Muscular System

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Comparative Anatomy and Physiology Semester Exam Study Guide
Harris
Comprehensive Terminology
____1. The term “superior” means
a. above b. below
c. in front
____2. The term “medial” means
a. in front b. to the side
c. toward the midline
____3. The term “lateral” means
a. toward the midline
b. below
c. away from the midline
____4. The term “ superficial” means
a. at the surface b. below the surface c. none of these
____5. The point closest to the origin is
a. superficial
b. proximal c. distal
____6. Which of the following is inferior?
a. soles of feet
b. head
____7. Which of the following is medial?
a. ears
b. nose
____8. Which of the following is distal?
a. elbow b. fingernail
____9. The term “anterior” means
a. below
b. in front
___10.The term “superior” means
a. above
b. behind
____11. The term “posterior” means
a. behind
b. in front
____12. The term “deep” means
a. away from the surface
b. at the surface
____13. Dense outer layer of bone
a. spongy bone
b. compact bone
____14. The inner layer of bone that looks like mesh
a. spongy bone
b. compact bone
____15.. Consider the following listed levels: (1) chemical; (2) tissue;
(3) organ; (4) cellular; (5) organismal; (6) systemic. Which of the following
choices has the levels listed in order of increasing complexity?
a. 1,2,3,4,5,6
b. 1,4,2,3,6,5
c. 3,1,2,4,6,5
______16. dense bone, smooth appearance
a. compact bone b. spongy bone
c. joint
______17. The muscle responsible for making hair stand up and skin to pimple
(goose bumps)
a. biceps b. extensor muscle
c. arrector pili
______18. The serous, mucous, and cutaneous membranes are examples ___.
a. epithelial membranes
b. connective tissue
______19. Synovial membrane is an example of ____.
a. epithelial membrane
b. connective tissue membrane
______20. Bones of the skull can be classified as
a. long
b. short
c. flat
______21. Bones of the vertebrae are classified as
a. short
b. flat
c. irregular
______22. The femur is an example of a ____ bone.
a. long
b. irregular
c. flat
______23. Type of movement resulting in a shortening of the joint angle (for example
bending the elbow)
a. extension
b. flexion
c. rotation
_____24 Movement away from the midline
a. abduction
b. pronation c. extension
_____25. Type of movement resulting in lengthening of the joint angle (straightening
the elbow)
a. adduction
b. extension
c. supination
_____26.In the anatomic position, the forearm is ____.
a. pronated
b. dorsiflexed
c. supinated
_____27. The muscle that is primarily responsible for a movement
a. prime mover
b. antagonist c. synergist
_____28. The heart is made of ____ muscle.
a. smooth
b. skeletal
c. cardiac
_____29. The involuntary muscles that line internal organs are ____ muscle.
a. smooth
b. skeletal
c. cardiac
_____30. The muscles that you control and that move bones are ____ muscle.
a. skeletal
b. smooth
c. cardiac
_____31. Which of the following would be an example of flexion?
a. looking over your shoulder
b. grabbing a cup
c. swinging a bat
d. standing up
Chapter 6: The Integumentary System
_______32. The subcutaneous layer is located
a. above the dermis
b. between the epidermis and dermis
c. within the dermis
d. beneath the dermis
_______33. The dermis is composed largely of
a. fibrous connective tissue
b. loose connective tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. adipose tissue
_______34. The skin functions to
a .retard water loss from deeper tissues
b. excrete waste substances
c. regulate body temperature
d. all of the above
_______35.Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in
a cold environment?
a. dermal blood vessels become constricted
b. sweat glands become inactive
c. skeletal muscles contract involuntarily
d. all of the above
Chapter 7: The Skeletal System
_____36. Bones that develop from layers of membranous connective tissue are called
________________.
a. endochondral b. epichondral
c. intramembranous
d. fibrous
_____37. The band of cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification centers in
long bones is called the
a. osteoblastic band
c. periosteal plate
b. calcium disk
d. epiphyseal plate
_____38. An osteocyte is a
a. bone building cell.
c. mature bone cell.
b. bone destroying cell.
d. bone marrow cell.
_____39. Which of the following bones is NOT included within the lower limb?
a. ulna
b. femur
c. tibia
d. tarsal
_____40. The joints between the vertebrae of the backbone are best described as
a. immovable.
b. slightly moveable
c. freely moveable
d. synovial
_____41. Each of the following is included in the appendicular skeleton except
a. pectoral girdle
b. vertebral column
c. upper limbs
d. pelvic girdle
Chapter 8: The Muscular System
Study guide for semester exam
1. List three types of muscle tissue. Describe each of them based on type of
contraction, appearance, and location in the body.
2. Explain what is meant by an all-or-none response.
3. Distinguish between a muscle’s origin and insertion.
4. Define prime mover, synergist, and antagonist.
List the 11 body systems, give a brief description of each, and name one organ
associated with each.