Download cat muscle dissection

Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
CAT MUSCLE DISSECTION
http://101science.com/Biodissection.htm
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/cat_dissect/cat_demo/
muscular_system/muscle_index.html
Listed below are the major muscles that you need to identify from your cats.
For your dissection you will need to remove any excess fat and fascia that may
cover the muscles. Be careful as you remove these connective tissues-you do
not need to remove muscle tissue during this process. Muscles are extremely
thin, so be careful as you remove fat and fascia from the cat. As you work on
the cat, try to separate the muscles along their natural lines. Do not cut or
remove any muscles. For your cat select one side as a superficial side and one
side as a deep side.
You should wrap your specimen with wet paper towels before you put it away.
You are responsible for the actions, origins and insertions of all muscles
dissected.
Be careful as you dissect. Make certain to use a sharp scalpel. Make incisions
lightly - don't stab the specimen; don't go too deep. Once an incision is made,
use blunt dissection (with either the scalpel handle and/or using the "scissors
technique"). As you dissect, watch what you are doing, note changes in color,
layers, muscle fiber orientation etc. Muscle layers are separated from each
other (and from the skin) by connective tissue. The connective tissue is white
and "stringy". Muscles are striated and usually a pinkish color. If you are cutting
several muscles where one is superficial to the other, do not cut them in the
same place.
TO SKIN THE CAT: Make one mid ventral incision from the lower jaw posterior
to the pectoral girdle. Peel back the skin working on one side, then the other.
Eventually you will be able to reach your hand all away around the body. You
will see some small muscles (erector pilae) attached to the skin, don't worry
about them. You may also notice mammary gland tissue. Make a circular cut
around both wrists and ankles and a slit along each of the limbs. This should
allow you to remove the skin around the limbs without any problem. If you
have a male, carefully cut the skin around the scrotum. Make a circular cut
around the tail. Do not cut the tail off; do not try to skin the tail.
OBJECTIVE: Be able to find and identify all of the muscles listed on this
lab. Use the master checklist after you have found and you are comfortable
indentifying the each muscle. DO NOT check it off if you (by yourself) cannot
find this muscle. You will eventually be tested in your ability to find these
muscles as I walk around the class. You WILL be allowed to use any notes or
pictures you add to your notes.
1
Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
DAY 1
I will show you where the superficial chest muscles are. The
goal for today is to find and identify the muscles IN THE
CHEST AREA (SUPERFICIAL THORAX MUSCLES-CHEST).
I. SUPERFICIAL THORAX MUSCLES - CHEST
A. Pectoantebrachialis-thin, flap-like muscle extending from the sternum
to the arm.
B. Pectoralis major-triangular muscle extending from sternum to the arm.
C. Pectoralis minor-beneath the pectoralis major, is actually larger than
the pectoralis major.
D. Xiphihumeralis-extends from the xiphoid process to the humerus.
DAY 1 OBJECTIVE: DID I FIND THE CHEST MUSCLES?
2
Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
DAY 2
Today’s objective is to find the abdominal muscles. If you
get done with those, you can get started on the arm muscles.
II. MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
A. External oblique-as mentioned above.
B. Internal oblique-deep, fibers run at an angle to the external oblique.
C. Rectus abdominis-long band that runs the entire length of the body.
Fibers run
parallel to the midline.
III. LATERAL SURFACE OF THE FORELIMB OF THE CAT
A. Triceps brachii (lateral, medial and long heads).
B. Brachioradialis
IV. MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE FOREARM OF THE CAT
A. Biceps brachii-located on the anterior surface of the humerus.
B. Flexor carpi ulnaris
C. Flexor carpi radialis
D. Flexor digitorum
DAY 2 OBJECTIVE: DID I FIND THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES?
3
Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
DAY 3
Finish the muscles in the arm of the cat.
III. LATERAL SURFACE OF THE FORELIMB OF THE CAT
A. Triceps brachii (lateral, medial and long heads).
B. Brachioradialis
IV. MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE FOREARM OF THE CAT
A. Biceps brachii-located on the anterior surface of the humerus.
B. Flexor carpi ulnaris
C. Flexor carpi radialis
D. Flexor digitorum
DAY 3 OBJECTIVE: DID I FIND THE ARM MUSCLES?
4
Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
DAY 4
Today you will identify and find the ventral leg muscles.
V. SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE THIGH (FRONT OF THE THIGH)
A. Sartorius-covers outer half of thigh.
B. Gracilis-covers inner half of thigh.
C. Vastus lateralis-deep, lies along lateral edge of thigh.
D. Rectus femoris-rounded muscle, deep to sartorius.
E. Adductor longus-deep, lies next to pectineus.
F. Vastus medialis-deep, lies next to inner portion of the thigh.
G. Adductor femoris-deep, lies next to adductor longus.
DAY 4 OBJECTIVE: DID I FIND THE VENTRAL THIGH MUSCLES?
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Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
DAY 5
Today you will find the muscles of the shoulder, trunk and
neck (dorsal)
VI. SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER, TRUNK AND NECK
A. Clavotrapezius-large muscle that extends from the neck to the
shoulder region.
B. Acromiotrapezius-large muscle covering much of the shoulder region of
the cat.
C. Spinotrapezius-most posterior of the trapezius muscles.
D. Clavodeltoid-triangular, continuous with the clavotrapezius.
E. Acromiodeltoid-small muscle inferior to the clavodeltoid.
F. Spinodeltoid-posterior to acromiodeltoid.
G. Latissimus dorsi-large muscle that extends from the back of the cat to the
humerus.
DAY 5 OBJECTIVE: DID I FIND THE SHOULDER, TRUNK AND NECK
MUSCLES?
6
Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
DAY 6
Today you will find the muscles of the back of the hip and
thigh.
VII. MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND THIGH (BACK OF THE HIP AND THIGH)
A. Gluteus medius-larger than the maximus in cats, posterior to the
maximus.
B. Gluteus maximus-triangular hip muscle, posterior to the gluteus
medius.
C. Tensor fascia lata-covered by a thick layer of fascia.
D. Caudofemoralis-posterior to the gluteus maximus.
E. Biceps femoris-large muscle that covers much of the surface of the
thigh.
F. Semimembranosus
G. Semitendinosus
DAY 6 OBJECTIVE: DID I FIND THE DORSAL HIP AND THIGH MUSCLES?
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Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
DAY 7
Today you will find the muscles of the lower leg. If you are
done, go back or finish any of the other muscles you haven’t
finished yet.
Start getting ready for the test. I will walk around your
groups and ask questions to everyone in the group. You will
need to answer my questions INDEPENDENTLY. You can
use your notes (whatever you wrote next to that muscle
that might help you remember where it is, including
drawings…)
VIII. MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG
A. Gastrocnemius-large, calf muscle.
B. Tibialis anterior
DAY 7 OBJECTIVE: DID I FIND THE LOWER LEG MUSCLES?
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Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
DAY 8
Today you will quiz each other and get ready for
tomorrow’s test. Continue to take notes and finish anything
you haven’t finished. If you are done, and you are confident
you do not need to study anymore, you can go into the knee
and find the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL. If you want me to, I
can quiz you today. Get into the knee joint and try to
identify as many structures as you can (you will not be
tested on these). Do it only on one side, so I can test you on
the other side.
DAY 9
Every person will be asked to identify and/or find 10
muscles all throughout the cat’s body. You can use your
notes, but not your partners. You will get one chance to
find the muscle. Each answer is worth 5 points.
You will also be graded on the quality of dissection of your
cats. If the muscles are easy to find and see, you will get full
credit (out of 50 points). If it looks as if you were trying to
get your aggression out on your cat, you will get less points.
MUSCLE TEST GRADE
/50
DISSECTION GRADE
/50
TOTAL GRADE
/100
9
Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
MASTER CHECKLIST
MUSCLE NAME
DID WE FIND
IT?
CAN I NAME
AND IDENTIFY
IT?
SUPERFICIAL
THORAX
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoantebrachialis
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Xiphihumeralis
ABDOMINAL
MUSCLES
Rectus abdominis
External obliques
Internal obliques
SHOULDER,
TRUNK, NECK
Clavotrapezius
Acromiotrapezius
Spinotrapezius
Clavodeltoid
Acromiodeltoid
Spinodeltoid
10
Name _________________________
Per # __________
Date _________________
Triceps brachii
THIGH AND HIP
Sartorius
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Tensor fascia lata
Caudofemoralis
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
Adductor longus
Adductor femoris
Gracilis
LOWER LEG
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
FORELIMB
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Flexor carpi ulnaris SKIP
Flexor carpi radialis SKIP
Flexor digitorum
SKIP
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