Download 48 - Milan Area Schools

48
1. External _______ are highly branched folds of the body surface involved in gas
exchange.
2. The breathing tubes of insects are called _______.
3. The lungs of _______ are the most efficient lungs of vertebrates.
4. In the mammalian lung, the amount of air that is moved in normal breathing is called
the _______.
5. After extreme exhalation, the lungs and airways still contain a _______ of air.
6. The oxygen-binding molecule abundant in muscle is _______.
7. Hemoglobin consists of _______ protein chains linked together.
8. The shape of the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin is said to be _______.
9. An unusual feature of the lungs of _______ is that they expand and contract relatively
little during a breathing cycle. They also contract during inhalation and expand during
exhalation.
10. Energy to carry out essential functions comes in the form of ATP, which can be
sustained only where _______ gas is present.
11. There are no active transport mechanisms for respiratory gases. Therefore, _______ is
the only means by which respiratory gases are exchanged.
12. The respiration of birds is unique. In addition to lungs, birds have _______ at several
locations in their bodies.
13. Mammalian lungs have two adaptive features: the production of mucus, and _______,
a substance that reduces the surface tension of the liquid that lines the insides of the
alveoli.
.
14._______ is a genetic disease in which respiratory problems result from dehydrated,
thick mucus.
Practice Free Response Question
1987:
Discuss the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that
occur at the alveoli and muscle cells of mammals. Include
in your answer a description of the transport of these
gases in the blood.
47
1. Microtubules are composed of subunits of _______ protein.
2. Intercalated discs join together cells in _______ muscle tissue.
3. Huxley and Huxley proposed the _______ theory of muscle contraction.
5. _______ is the maximum tension of a muscle contraction.
6. A simple _______ skeleton consists of a fluid-filled cavity controlled by muscle
movement.
7. Cartilage tissue consists of _______ fibers in a rubbery matrix of proteins and
polysaccharides.
8. Cells that break down or resorb bone are the _______.
9. Muscles at joints are often arranged in antagonistic pairs of extensors and _______.
10. Cellular effectors called _______ are fired like miniature missiles by jellyfish to
capture prey.
11. _______ are adaptations that animals use to respond to information that is sensed,
integrated, and transmitted by their neural and endocrine systems.
12. _______ muscle provides the contractile force for most of our internal organs, which
are under control of the autonomic nervous system.
13. The _______ is a highly specialized network of intracellular membranes of striated
muscle cells which enables them to sequester and release calcium for muscle contraction.
14. The living cells of bone that are responsible for the remodeling of bone structure are
called _______.
15. The heartbeat is _______ (i.e., generated by the heart muscle itself).
17. In humans, the _______ skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribs.
Practice Free Response Question
1994:
Discuss how cellular structures, including the plasma
membrane, specialized endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeletal
elements, and mitochondria, function together in the
contraction of skeletal muscle cells.