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Gross Muscular System Vocabulary
1. Agonist:
2. Antagonist:
3. Aponeuroses:
4. Circumduction:
5. Deep Fascia:
6. Endomysium:
7. Epimysium:
8. Fasiculi:
9. Fixators:
10. Gaster:
11. Insertion:
12. Oblique:
13. Origin:
14. Perimysium:
15. Pronation:
16. Protraction:
17. Rectus:
18. Retraction:
19. Smooth Muscle:
20. Sprain:
21. Strain:
1
22. Striated Muscle:
23. Superficial Fascia:
24. Supination:
25. Synergists:
26. Tendon:
27. Torticollis or Wryneck:
28. Naming skeletal Muscles: Muscles are named on the basis of several criteria, each
focusing on a particular structural or functional characteristic: They include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
29. Types of Muscle Fiber Arrangement (6):
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Gross Skeletal Muscles to Memorize
Frontalis:
Orbicularis Oculi:
Orbicularis Oris:
Buccinator:
Zygomaticus:
Masseter:
Temporalis:
Platysma:
Sternocleidomast
oid:
Pectoralis Major:
Intercostal
Muscles:
Rectus abdominis:
External oblique:
Internal oblique:
Transversus
abdominis:
Trapezius:
Latissimus Dorsi:
Erector Spinae:
Deltoid:
Biceps Brachii:
Brachialis:
Brachioradialis:
Triceps Brachii:
Gluteus maximus:
Gluteus medius:
Iliopsoas:
Biceps femoris:
Semimemgbranos
us:
Semitendinosus:
Sartorius:
Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Medialis:
Vastus Lateralis:
Vastus
Intermedius:
Tibialis Anterior:
Extensor
Digitorum
Longus:
Fibularis longus:
Fibularis Brevis:
Fibularis tertius:
Gastrocnemius:
Soleus
2
Muscles that move the shoulder:
Muscle
Pectoralis Minor
Origin
Occipital bone
Vertebrae (cervical &
thoracic)
Ribs (2nd to 5th )
Insertion
Clavicle
Scapula (spine &
acromion)
Ribs (upper 8 or 9)
Scapula (anterior
Function
Scapula (coracoid)
surface, vertebral
border)
Muscles that move upper arm:
Muscle
Origin
Clavicle (medial half)
Sternum
Costal Cartilages of
true ribs
Vertebrae (spines of
lower thoracic, lumbar &
sacral)
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Ilium (crest)
Lumbodorsal fascia
Clavicle
Scapula(spine & acromion
Scapula (coracoid
process)
Scapula (supraspinous
Insertion
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Humerus
(intertubercular
groove)
Humerus (deltoid
tuberosity)
Humerus (middle
3rd, medial surface)
Humerus (greater
fossa)
tubercle)
Scapula (lower part,
Humerus (upper
axillary border)
part, anterior surface)
Teres Minor
Scapula (axillary
border)
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Infraspinatus
Scapula (infraspinatus
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
border)
Function
3
Muscles that move the lower arm:
Muscle
Origin
Scapula (supraglenoid
tuberosity)
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Scapula (coracoid)
Humerus (distal ½ ,
process
Humerus (above lateral
Radius (styloid
process)
Ulna (olecranon
process)
Scapula (infraglenoid
tubrerosity)
Proximal Humeral head
Humerus (medial
epicondyle)
Ulna (coronoid process)
Humerus (lateral
Function
Ulna (front of coronoid
anterior surface)
epicondyle)
Pronator Teres
Insertion
Radius (tubercle at
proximal end)
Radius (middle 3rd of
lateral surface)
Raduis (proximal 3rd )
epicondyle)
Ulna (proximal 5th )
Muscles that move the Hand:
Muscle
Flexor Carpi
Radialis
Origin
Humerus (medial
epicondyle)
Ulna (posterior)
Distal Humerus,
ulna & radius
Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris
Function
epicondyle)
Humerus (medial
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus
Insertion
2nd & 3rd Metacarpal
Pisiform bone
3rd ,4th & 5th
Metacarpal
Middle phalanges of
2nd – 5th metacarpal
Humerus
2nd & 3rd Metacarpal
(base of)
Distal Humerus
Distal phalanges of 2nd
to 5th fingers
Humerus (lateral
5th Metacarpal
(base of)
epicondyle)
Ulna (proximal ¾ )
4
Muscles that move the thigh:
Muscle
Iliopsoas (iliacus
& psoas major)
Origin
Ilium (iliac fossa)
Vertebrae (bodies of 12th
Insertion
Femur (small
trochanter)
Ilium (anterior, inferior spine)
Tibia (by way of
Ilium (crest & posterior
Femur (proximal)
Iliotibial tract
Function
thoracic to 5th lumbar)
Gluteus Maximus
surface)
Gleuteus Medius
Sacrum & Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament
Ilium (lateral surface)
Gleuteus Minimus Ilium (lateral surface)
patellar tendon)
Femur (greater
trochanter)
Femur (greater
trochanter)
Tensor Fasciae
Lata:
Ilium (anterior part of crest)
Tibia (by way of
Iliotibial tract)
Piriformis
Vertebrae (front of
sacrum)
Femur (medial aspect
Adductor Brevis
Pubic bone
Proximal Femur
Adductor Longus
Pubic bone
Proximal Femur
Adductor Magnus
Pubic bone
Proximal Femur
Gracilis:
Pubic bone (just below
Tibia (medial surface
symphysis)
of greater trochanter)
behind sartorius)
Muscles of the pelvic floor:
Muscle
Origin
Pubis (posterior
surface)
Ischium (spine)
Insertion
Coccyx
Ischium (spine)
Coccyx
Sacrum
Function
Together form floor of pelvic cavity;
support pelvic organs; If these
muscles are badly torn @ childbirth or
become too relaxed, uterus or bladder
my prolapse, that is drop out.
Same as levator ani
5
Muscles that move the lower leg:
Muscle
Quadriceps Femoris
Group:
Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Lateralis
Origin
Ilium (anterior,
inferior spine)
Insertion
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Femur (linea aspera)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Tibia (by way of
patellar tendon)
Femur
Vastus Intermedius:
Sartorius
Hamstring Group:
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Function
Femur (anterior
surface)
Os Innominatum
Proximal tibia
(ilium)
Ischium (tuberosity) Fibula (head of )
Femur (linea aspera) Tibia (lateral
condyle)
Ischium (tuberosity) Tibia (proximal end,
medial surface)
Ischium (tuberosity) Tibia (medial
condyle)
Muscles that move the foot:
Muscle
Origin
Tibia (proximal lateral
condyle)
Gastroccnemius
Soleus
Peroneus Longus
(fibularis longus)
Peroneus Brevis
(fibularis Brevis)
Femur (distal condyles)
Tibia (proximal)
Fibula
Lateral tibial
condyle
Tibia (lateral condyle
Fibula (head & shaft)
Fibula (lower 2/3 of
lateral surface of shaft)
Tibia (posterior
surface)
Fibula (posterior
surface)
Peroneus Tertius
(fibularis tertius)
Fibula (distal third)
Insertion
1st Cuneiform &base
of 1st Metatarsal
Calcaneus by way of
Function
Achilles tendon)
Calcaneus by way of
Achilles tendon)
Phalanges of 2-5
toes
1st Cuneiform
Base of 1st
metatarsal
5th Metatarsal
(tubercle, dorsal
surface)
Navicular Bone
Cuboid Bone
All 3 Cuneiforms
2nd & 4th Metatarsals
4th & 5th Metatarsals
(bases of)
6
Muscles that move the head:
Muscle
Sternocleidomastoid
Semispinalis Capitis
Origin
Sternum
Clavicle
Insertion
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Vertebrae (transverse
Occipital Bone (b/w
superior & inferior
nuchal lines)
processes of upper 6
thoracic, articular
processes of lower 4
cervical)
Ligamentum Nuchae
Vertebrae (spinous
processes of upper 3 or 4
thoracic)
Longissimus Capitis
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of upper 6
thoracic, articular
processes of lower 4
cervical)
Function
One muscle alone,
rotates head toward
opposite side; spasm
of this muscle alone or
associated w/trapezius
called torticollis or wryneck
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Occipital Bone
Temporal Bone
(mastoid process)
Muscles that move the chest wall:
Muscle
External Intercostals
Origin
(lower border;
forward fibers)
(inner surface, lower
border;
backward
Insertion
Rib (upper border of
rib below origin)
Function
Rib (upper border of
rib below origin)
fibers)
Diaphragm
Lower circumference
of Thorax (of rib cage)
Central tendon of
Diaphragm
cuasing inspiration.
7
Muscles that move the abdominal wall:
Muscle
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Rectus Abdominis
Origin
Ribs (lower 8)
Ossa Coxae (iliac
Function
Insertion
Ossa Coxae (iliac crest
& pubis by way of
inguinal ligament)
Linea alba by way of
an aponeurosis
crest & inguinal ligament)
Lumbodorsal Fascia
Ribs (lower 3)
Pubic bone
Linea Alba
Ossa Coxae (pubic
Ribs (costal cartilage of
bone & symphysis pubis)
5th, 6th, & 7th ribs)
Sternum (xiphoid
process)
when these muscles lose
their tone, common figure
faults of protruding
abdomen & lordosis
develop.
Same as external oblique;
because abdominal
muscles compress
abdominal cavity, they aid
in straining, defecation,
forced expiration, childbirth,
etc.; abdominal muscles
are antagonists of
diaphragm, relaxing as it
contracts & vice versa.
Muscles of Facial Expression & Mastication
Muscle
Masseter
Temporalis
Epicranius (occiput
Origin
Insertion
Mandible
Mandible
Fascia of upper part
of deltoid &
pectoralis major
Mandible (lower
Function
frontalis)
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Platysma
Zygomaticus
border)
Skin around corners
of mouth
Skin & muscles @
corner of lips
Buccinator
Permits smiling,
blowing, sucking, &
holding food b/w teeth
during chewing.
8
Muscles that move the trunk:
Muscle
Sacrospinalis
(Ercector Spinae)
Origin
Iliac crests, ribs 312, & vertebrae
Insertion
Ribs, thoracic &
cervical vertebrae
Lateral Portion:
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Ribs, lower six
Iliocostalis Dorsi
Ribs, upper 6
Vertebrae, 4th to 6th
cervical
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Medial Portion:
Longissimus Dorsi
Same as Iliocostalis
Lumborum
Vertebrae, thoracic
ribs
upper 6 thoracic
Vertebrae, 2nd to 6th
cervical
Longissimus Cervicis
Longissimus Capitis
upper 6 thoracic & last
4 cervical
Quadratus Lumborum
Ilium (posterior part
(forms part of posterior
abdominal wall)
of crest)
Vertebrae (lower 3
lumbar)
Iliposoas
Function
Ilium & lumbar
vertebrae
Temporal bone,
mastoid process
Ribs (12th )
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of 1st 4
lumbar)
One muscle alone abducts
trunk toward side of
contracting muscle
Femur
Information from: Athletic Injury Assessment by James M. Booher, & Gary A. Thibodeau,
Times Mirror / Mosby College Publishing
9
Physiology of the Muscular System Vocabulary
Actin:
Action Potential:
Axon:
Clonic Muscle Spasm:
Concentric Contraction
Contractility:
Dark A Band:
Fast
Fast Twitch
Irritability:
Isometric Contraction
Light I Band:
Motor Unit:
Myofibrils:
Myofilaments:
Myosin:
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylocholine:
Nueromuscular Junction:
Sarcomere:
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum:
Sliding Filament Theory:
Slow Twitch
Synaptic Cleft:
Tonic Muscle Spasm:
Z Disc:
Cartilaginous Joint:
Condyloid Joint:
Ball & Socket Joint:
Fibrous Joint:
Pivot Joint:
Plane Joint:
Saddle Joint:
Hinge Joint:
Amphiarthroses:
Synarthroses:
Synovial Joint:
Diathroses:
10