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BIO208 UNIT 1 REVIEW
revised Spring 09
Name (s) ____________________________________________________________
1. Fill in the common name
C. elegans
_________________
Homo sapiens _________________
Arabidopsis thaliana _________________
Mus musculus _________________
Saccharomyces cerevisiae _________________
Drosophila melanogaster ________________
Takifugu rubripes _________________
2. Place in order from smallest to largest
Nucleosome
Nucleotide
Gene
Nucleus
Chromosome
3. List 2 nucleotides that are purines ____ List 3 nucleotides that are pyrimidines _____. Which
bases are complementary (Don’t forget uracil)?
4. Pick three and only three from the list below that compose a DNA nucleotide
Base, Ribose sugar, Salt, Deoxyribose sugar, Hydrogen bond, Phosphate group, Promoter, Histone
5. Describe these 3 functional properties of DNA: replication, storage of information, mutation
6. Heterochromatin or euchromatin?
a. Barr body
b. genes
c. centromeres
d. condensed DNA
e. telomeres
f. gene family
g. inactivated X chromosome
h. stains lightly when dyed
i. unique sequence DNA
7. Circle five that do NOT describe B-DNA
right handed helix
12 bases per turn
major and minor grooves
cytoplasmic
parallel strands
hydrogen bonds
complementary base pairs
A/T = 1
double stranded
uracil
G/C does not equal 1
coding and noncoding region
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8. Prokaryote or eukaryote or both? (P or E or PE)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
___ introns
___ exons
___ coding DNA
___ enhancers
___ RNA polymerase II
___ promoters
___ polycistronic mRNAs
___ spliceosome and snRNPs
l. ___ -10 and -35 promoters
m. ___ TATA box and CAAT box promoters
n. __ co translation
o.___ no nucleus
p. ___ bacterial cells
q.___ polymerase requires nucleotides
r. ___ 5’ -> 3’ polymerases
s. ___ many transcription factors, some
tissue specific
i. ___ plant and animal cells
t._____ circular chromosome
j. ____ sigma factor binds promoter
u. _____ linear chromosomes with telomeres
k. ____ one RNA polymerase
v. _____ supercoiled DNA located in a nucleoid region
w. _____ hormonal control of gene expression
9. For each of the figures below (A – D) determine:





DNA or mRNA? How do you know?
Eukaryotic or prokaryotic? What is the basis for your answer?
If it is mRNA, is it pre-mRNA or mature mRNA? Why?
If DNA, identify the start site for transcription
If mRNA, identify the start site for translation
A.
5'
3'
CAAT TATA
UTR
exon1
intron 1
exon2
B.
5'
UTR
3'
exon 1
intron1
exon2
C.
5'
-35
AAAAAAA……..AAAA
3'
-10
UTR
Coding sequence
D.
5'
UTR
intron 2
3'
exon 1
exon2
exon3
AAAAAAA……..AAAA
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10. Associated with DNA or RNA?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
The genetic material
Nucleosomes
Double stranded
Uses ribose sugar
Short half life
Antiparallel strands
Binds sigma factors in prokaryotes
Contains a TATA box at -25
Associates with histone octamer
Contains enhancers
Is transcribed
l. Chromosomes
m. Associates with the spliceosome
n. Bound by RNA polymerase
o. Does not use thymine as a nucleotide
p. May form a cloverleaf
q. Capped and tailed
r. leaves the nucleus
s. Sits in one of two sites in the ribosome
t.
t, r, i, m, and sn forms
u. Watson, Crick, and Franklin
v. Is translated
w. heterochromatin
11. Each column in the table below represents three nucleotides. In each column, fill in the
information in the cells that are blank by using the information in the cell that is given.
Coding strand (similar sequence to mRNA)
GGG
Template strand (complementary sequence to
mRNA)
TAC
mRNA
CCU
tRNA
Amino Acid
UCG
met
trp
12. Match the researcher with the experiment
___ injected heat killed smooth and rough bacteria into mice
___ developed rules for the base composition of DNA
___ elucidated the structure of the B-DNA molecule in the 1950s
___ used bacteriophage, E. coli
___ extracted nuclein from pus in the 1800s
___ broke the genetic code in the 1960s
___ X-ray diffraction data used for DNA model
___ discovered split genes in eukaryotes
A. Watson and Crick
B. Rosalind Franklin
C. Philip Sharp
D. Hershey and Chase
E.Niremberg/Khorana
F. Griffiths
G. Chargaff
H. Meisher
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13. Fill one or more correct DNAs as indicated. There may be more than one correct answer
per question.
single copy gene
centromere
telomeric DNA
introns
LINES
heterochromatin
tandem repeat genes
gene family
a. _______________________ located at the ends of linear chromosomes
b. _______________________ the  globin genes – embryonic, fetal, pseudo-, and adult
c. _______________________ binding site for sister chromatids during mitosis
d. _______________________ useful for DNA fingerprinting
e. _______________________transcribed but not translated
g. _______________________ Barr body and other transcriptionally inactive DNA
i. _______________________ removed from mRNA by the spliceosome complex
k. _______________________ rRNA genes
l. _______________________ inserted into the genome via transposon activity
m. ______________________ known as interspersed elements
14. Place these steps in order

Ribosome reaches the stop codon in mRNA

tRNA brings amino acid and anticodon to ribosome and mRNA

poly A tail and 5'cap added to mRNA

RNA polymerase II elongates mRNA

Transcription factors recognize TATA box and other promoter elements

Preinitiation complex formed

Mature mRNA leaves nucleus

A polypeptide is formed

Snurps (snRNPs) splice out introns in the spliceosome

Protein undergoes post-translational processessing

Ribosome finds the binding site and AUG initiator codon in mRNA
b. Which of the above steps occur in the nucleus? cytoplasm?
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15. Fill in the type of RNA:
hnRNA (pre-m RNA)
RNAi (siRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
snRNA
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
mRNA (mature form)
a) ______________________ translated into an amino acid sequence
b) ______________________ used in the building of ribosomes
c) ______________________ carry specific amino acids to growing polypeptide chain
d) ______________________ complex with proteins to form snurps and the spliceosome
e) ______________________ cloverleaf shape with an anticodon
f) _________________ ____ located only in the nucleus (choose 2)
g) ______________________ located in cytoplasm (choose 4)
h) ______________________ double stranded RNA that can silence mRNA in the cytoplasm
i) ______________________ contains a 5'cap, poly A tail and introns
j) ______________________ contains a 5' cap, poly A tail but no introns
16. Mutations
Frameshift, Missense, Neutral, Nonsense
REVIEW for test:
Notes
Handout beta thalassemia
Handout: Objectives 1
Textbook assigned reading
Homework questions
Worksheets