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Genes and DNA Unit Test
Figure 1
1.
1?
What will be the result of the mutation in Figure
a.
b.
the organism will die
it will have no affect on protein
c.
d.
only one amino acid will change
nearly every amino acid in the protein
will be
changed
function
2.
What type of mutation has occurred in Figure 1?
a.
protein
b.
frame shift
c.
point mutation
d.
lethal
Figure 2
3.
Which of the structures in Figure 2 are composed
of RNA?
a.
III and IV
b.
I and V
c.
II and IV
d.
III and V
4.
In which part of the cell does this process shown
in Figure 2 take place?
a.
in the nucleus
b.
on the chromosome
c.
in food vacuoles
d.
at the ribosomes
5.
Structure III
a.
b.
c.
d.
gene
in Figure 2 represents a(n) _____.
codon
amino acid
DNA molecule
6.
Structure I in Figure 2 represents a(n) _____.
a.
codon
b.
amino acid
c.
DNA molecule
d.
anticodon
7.
In Eukaryotes, structure II in Figure 2 was built
in the:
a.
at the ribosomes
b.
in the mitochondria
c.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
d.
in the nucleus
8.
The process illustrated in Figure 2 is called
_____.
a.
transcription
b.
replication
c.
translation
d.
monoploidy
Table 1
9.
Using Table 1 to translate the mRNA sequence
AUGGCAUACAAGUUCGACGUAG results in the following
biological sequence:
a.
Ile-Ala-Tyr-Asp-Tyr-Arg
b.
Met-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Phe-Asp
c.
UACCGUAUGUUCAAGCUGCAUG
d.
Met-Ala
Figure 3
10. Which structure shown in Figure 3 would attract a
free cytosine nucleotide?
a.
B
b.
A
c.
D
d.
C
11. Which structure shown in Figure 3 is a pyrimidine?
a.
A
b.
C
c.
D
d.
B
12. Which structure shown in Figure 3 does not contain
a nitrogenous base?
a.
B
b.
C
c.
D
d.
A
13. Which structure shown in Figure 3 is part of the
backbone of the DNA double helix?
a.
C
b.
B
c.
A
d.
D
14. Which structure shown in Figure 3 is part of the
interior of the DNA double helix?
a.
D
b.
A and D
c.
A and B
e.
C
15. Which of these chromosomal mutation diagrams shows
insertion mutation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Table 2
16. The data in Table 2 provide evidence for which
fact about DNA:
a.
C and T form base pairs
b.
the backbone of DNA is only stable
with a certain base composition
c.
C and G form base pairs
d.
the percentage of each base is the
same for all organisms
17. Which of these statements is NOT true?
a.
While chromosomal mutations occur in
all living organisms, scientists see them most commonly
in plants rather than animals.
b.
An organism that has been affected
by a chromosomal mutation and lives to maturity is
often sterile.
c.
The reason that chromosomal
mutations usually do not get passed along to future
generation is that an affected zygote usually dies.
d.
Asbestos is not considered a
chemical mutagen responsible for chromosomal mutations.
18. Thymine and cytosine are also called __________.
a.
isotopes
b.
purines
c.
viruses
d.
pyrimidines
19. Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds
would be found in a DNA molecule?
a.
cytosine-uracil
b.
adenine-cytosine
c.
adenine-guanine
d.
guanine-cytosine
20. Which of these sequences correctly describes how
DNA is copied?
a.
replication—bonding of bases—
separation of strands—base pairing
b.
replication—bonding of bases—base
pairing—separation of strands
c.
separation of strands —base pairing—
bonding of bases—replication
d.
separation of strands—bonding of
bases—replication—base pairing
21. __________ is a change in a single base pair in
DNA.
a.
chromosomal mutation
b.
point mutation
c.
frameshift mutation
d.
gamma mutation
22.
Which of these correctly matches with the
nitrogenous base adenine in DNA?
a.
guanine
b.
thymine
c.
cytosine
d.
adenine
23. What is an intron?
a.
a long, noncoding nucleotide
sequence in genes
b.
part of the translation process
c.
an amino acid
d.
a codon
24.
The process where enzymes make an RNA copy of a
portion of a DNA strand is called __________.
a.
acid creation
b.
replication
c.
transcription
d.
helix creation
25. AUG is __________, while UAA is __________.
a.
a stop codon—a start codon
b.
a start codon—a stop codon
c.
transfer RNA—messenger RNA
d.
a ribosome—a protein
26. Which of the following is one difference between
RNA and DNA?
a.
RNA contains uracil, while DNA
contains thymine.
b.
RNA and DNA are the same thing.
c.
RNA is double stranded, and DNA is
single stranded.
d.
RNA's sugar is deoxyribose, while
DNA's sugar is ribose.
27. Which of these is usually NOT considered a
mutagen?
a.
nuclear radiation
b.
ultraviolet light
c.
low temperatures
d.
formaldehyde
28. Which of these DNA strands would the DNA strand
A-T-G-C-C-G-T-T match to?
a.
G-C-A-T-T-A-C-C
b.
C-G-T-A-A-T-G-G
c.
T-A-C-G-G-C-A-A
d.
T-T-G-C-C-G-T-A
29. Which nitrogenous base does uracil pair with in
RNA?
a.
guanine
b.
cytosine
c.
thymine
d.
adenine
Figure 4
30. Which of the models in Figure 4 is an accurate
representation of DNA replication?
a.
conservative replication
b.
dispersive replication
c.
semiconservative replication
d.
none of the above
31. The removal of introns from eukaryotic mRNA before
translation is called?
a.
splicing
b.
transcription
c.
RNA editing
d.
intron excision
In 1952, Hershey and Chase radioactively labeled
viruses that contained only protein and DNA, before
infecting bacteria with the viruses. They created two
different types of viruses, one type in which only the
DNA was radioactively labeled and one type in which
only the protein was radioactively labeled. Upon
infection only the bacteria that was infected by the
viruses with radioactive DNA became radioactive,
producing radioactive new viruses.
32. This experiment provided evidence for the
assertion that:
a.
protein is the genetic material
b.
protein only enters the cell when it is
not radioactively labeled
c.
viruses are only made of DNA
d.
DNA is the genetic material
33. DNA mutations that occur in somatic cells can lead
to:
a.
cancer unless DNA repair mechanisms
intervene
b.
genetic variation in off-spring
c.
no change in the resulting protein
sequence
d.
a and c
e.
all of the above
34. Which of the following is not a function of RNA?
a.
carrying the genetic code from the
nucleus to the
cytoplasm
b.
providing a site for protein translation
c.
translating an individual codon into an
amino acid
d.
storing the genetic code
35. Biomedical researchers use the program BLAST to:
a.
rapidly translate a genetic sequence
b.
identify a protein sequence using a
database
c.
locate genes on the chromosome
d.
automatically interpret a DNA fingerprint
36. All protein sequences begin with which amino acid?
a.
b.
c.
d.
methionine
tyrosine
proline
isoleucine
Figure 5
Mr. Body was killed in the library with the
candlestick. There must have been a struggle since DNA
from one of the suspects was found under Mr. Body’s
nails at the scene of the crime. DNA fingerprinting
was done using this crime scene DNA and the DNA of the
four suspects, Ms. Scarlett, Mrs. Peacock, Mrs. White,
and Professor Plum, resulting in the DNA fingerprint
shown above.
37. Mr. Body was probably killed by which suspect?
a.
Ms. Scarlett
b.
Mrs. Peacock
c.
Mrs. White
d.
Professor Plum
38. DNA fingerprinting technology relies on the fact
that:
a.
a typical human can be uniquely
identified based on their genetic
sequence
b.
DNA fragments separate on the basis of
charge in an electrophoretic gel
c.
DNA restriction enzymes cut DNA at random
positions
d.
a and c
39. Which type of mutation can result in a truncated
protein product?
a.
chromosomal mutation
b.
point mutation
c.
frameshift mutation
d.
gamma mutation
40. Which type of mutation is referred to as silent
when it does not result in a change in the protein
product?
a.
chromosomal mutation
b.
point mutation
c.
frameshift mutation
d.
gamma mutation
41. Which of the following does not account for the
low incidence rate of cancer?
a.
the double stranded nature of DNA
which facilitates DNA repair
b.
the effectiveness of the immune system at
eliminating cancerous cells
c.
the stability of DNA which does not
mutate easily
d.
the presence of multiple copies of
crucial genes
42. Which type of mutation is responsible for most of
the genetic variation in the human population?
a.
chromosomal mutation
b.
point mutation
c.
frameshift mutation
d.
gamma mutation