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Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds (2012), 15 (1) Special Issue: 91-101
EFFECT OF DIETARY FENUGREEK SEEDS ON GROWTH AND CARCASS
CHARACTERISTICS OF SAIDI LAMBS.
S.F. Abbas; M.N. Abd El-Ati; F.M. Allam and M.W.H. Daghash
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Assiut University, Assiut.
SUMMARY
E
ight Saidi lambs were randomly divided into two equal groups. The initial average live body weight
values were 22.42 and 23.15 kg for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The first group did not receive
fenugreek seeds and served as a control group, while the second group was supplemented with 3%
fenugreek seeds and served as a treated group. Both treatment groups were fed roughage and
concentrate diets ad libitum during this study. The experimental period lasted for 20 weeks (140 days) followed
by ten days digestibility trial. At the end of the experimental period, all animals were slaughtered. The obtained
results showed that supplementation of dietary fenugreek seeds induced significant increase of total feed intake
(P<0.01), feed conversion (P<0.01), daily gain and live body weight. No significant differences were found
between control and fenugreek groups in digestibility of DM, OM, CP and CF. On the other hand, fenugreek
treated lambs showed slightly higher EE and NFE digestibility compared to control group. Supplementation of
dietary fenugreek seeds had insignificant elevation of plasma total protein and plasma glucose concentrations
while total cholesterol concentration had a significant (P<0.01) reduction as compared with control.
Supplementation of dietary fenugreek seeds increased hot carcass and dressing percentage. The proportion of
muscle/ bone and muscle/fat ratios increased in lambs treated with fenugreek seeds. Most offal parts and Left
carcass side weight and carcass cuts were heavier in fenugreek - treated lambs than control. Fenugreek- treated
lambs had heavier shoulder, loin, leg Semimemberanosus, Supraspinatus and Longissimus dorsi muscles when
compared with the control. Chemical analysis of samples of Semimemberanosus, Supraspinatus and
Longissimus dorsi muscles showed significant reduction of fat percentage and a slight increase of protein for
lambs fed fenugreek diet than control.
Keywords: fenugreek; Saidi lambs; growth; blood; carcass.
INTRODUCTION
The use of medicinal herbs and plants by human is well known since the old civilizations of ancient
Egyptian, Chinese and Greek. Using medicinal herbs and seeds as feed additives to ruminants seem to be
a recent global trend (Singh et al., 1993). Seeds of fenugreek contain alcoholic compounds act as
oxytocin hormone and have hypocholesterolemic and anti diabetic action (Petit et al., 1995 and John and
Sons, 1996).
Fenugreek seeds are also rich in protein, fat and minerals (Ca, P, Fe, Zn and Mg) (Sharma, 1986 and
Gupta et al., 1996). It was found that fenugreek seeds contain the steroidal, saponin, diosgenin,
trigofoenosides A-G, alkaloid and trigonelline (Ghazanfer, 1994). Saponin is the major constituent of
these components that may be enhance appetite and discourage constipation. Francis et al. (2002) added
that saponin, the active substance that present in fenugreek, significantly affected growth, feed intake and
reproduction in animals.
In addition, little gain weight of rabbits from birth to 21 days of age improved significantly with fed
fenugreek seeds compared with control diet (Rashwan, 1998). In a study of hypercholesterolemic of rats,
4 weeks of fenugreek supplementation significantly lowered serum cholesterol levels (Stark and Madar,
1993).
Fenugreek seeds also lowered serum triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-C). These effects may be due to sapogenins (substance in fenugreek) which increase
biliary cholesterol extraction in turn leading to lower serum cholesterol level (Sauvaire et al., 1991 and
Sidhu and Oskenfull, 1986). Sharma, (1986) found that the lactation curve of the doe rabbits was affected
by addition of fenugreek, while Bhatia et al. (2006) stated that inclusion of fenugreek in mice diet
showed protective effect not only on lipid peroxidation but also on the enzymatic anti-oxidation.
Issued by The Egyptian Society of Nutrition and Feeds
Abbas et al.
The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of fenugreek seeds supplementation on
live body weight changes, selected blood constituents and carcass characteristics of sheep in Upper Egypt
conditions.
.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total number of eight Saidi lambs of about 21.05 kg body weight used in this study. The
experiment conducted at the Animal Experimental Farm, Animal and Poultry Production Department,
Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Animals assigned randomly to two treatment
groups similar in body weight, 20.75 and 21.30 kg, respectively. The control group fed on fenugreek free
diet while the treated group received at 3% of the whole feed mixture fenugreek seeds. Animals were
fed fresh berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), Bean straw and concentrate diet ad libitum during 20 weeks
experimental period. The formula of concentrate feed mixtures is presented in Table (1). Chemical
composition of the feed mixtures and fenugreek seeds presented in Table (2). Animals were individually
fed once at 8:00 a.m. daily. Water was offered three times daily at 8, 12 a.m. and 6 p.m.
Animals weighed at the beginning of the experiment in the morning before feeding and biweekly
thereafter. Feed consumption was determined, live weight gain and feed conversion (kg feed / kg gain)
were calculated.
Feces samples were collected from 3 animals representing each group for 7 days to determine
nutrients digestibility of nutrients. Animals were adapted in digestion crates for 10 days before collecting
the samples. Feces were collected daily, and one fifth of fecal samples were dried with forced air oven at
60o C for 24 hours. Dry feces samples and ration were ground and analyzed for dry matter, crude ash,
crude protein, crude fiber and ether extract according to A.O.A.C. (1995) method.
At the end of the experimental period (5 months), all animals (8 animals) slaughtered. Animals were
left fasting for 12 hours prior slaughtering and the fasted body weight (FBW) was recorded. Blood
samples collected in EDTA tubes and immediately placed in ice. Plasma obtained by centrifugation at
3000 rpm for 20 min and collected samples of plasma were stored at – 20oC for subsequent analysis. The
concentrations of plasma total protein and glucose were estimated using kits supplied by Diamond
Diagnostic (Egypt), plasma total cholesterol was determined using the kit of Biocon (Germany). The feet
separated, the fore feet at the carpal-metacarpal articulation and the hind feet at the taro-metatarsal
articulation, then the animals skinned with much care. The body cavity opened and the following organs
were detached and weighed (liver, spleen, heart, lungs and trachea, digestive tract, gut fat and testis).
The two kidneys, kidney knob and channel fat were left with the carcass and then were removed after
carcass chilling and weighed. The weight of empty body calculated as the difference between the weight
of the fasted body and gut contents. Dressing percentages and percentage of hot carcass to fasted body
weight were calculated. The carcass split carefully into two sides and weighed. The left side divided to
retail cuts and the weight of tail, leg, loin, rack breast, 1-6 ribs and 7-12 ribs recorded. Samples of
Longissimus Dorsi (LD), Semimembranosus (SM) and Supraspinatus (SP) were excised, minced and
stored at – 20o C until analysis. The best rib of left side of carcass was dressed into muscle, fat and bone
and stored at – 20oC until analysis for protein, fat and moisture of muscle according to the methods of
A.O.A.C. (1995).
Statistical analysis:
Data were statistically analyzed using general linear model (G.L.M.) procedure of S.A.S. (1995). The
multi-way classification was used for growth performance and one-way classification was used for
carcass characteristics.
Yijk =µ +Ti + Mj+eijk
Yij =µ +Ti + eij
Where;
Yij = the observation.
µ = General mean.
Ti = Effect due to fenugreek treatment.
Mj = Effect due to period.
eijk or eij = the errors related to individual observation.
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Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds (2012)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Body weight and daily gain:
Body weight gradually increased during the experimental period. At the end of the experimental
period, mean live body weight of fenugreek treated-lambs was not significantly affected as compared to
control. Final body weight increased by about 9.92 % due to fenugreek treatment (Table 3). Total weight
gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher for fenugreek treated lambs than that of control (Table 4). These
results are in agreement with those reported by Mader and Brumm, (1987) that saponins-rich plant, as of
herbal medicine like fenugreek, had to improve growth in ruminants. Bin-Hafeez et al., (2003) added that
extract of fenugreek at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant increase in live
body weight in male Swiss albino mice. Moreover, increased body weight and daily gain of fenugreek
treated lambs may be attributed to the high concentration of thyroxine hormones as reported by Panda et
al. (1999). Baruah et al., (1993) found that thyroxine concentration was positively correlated with body
weight of male and female kids.
Feed intake:
Total feed intake was higher in fenugreek treated-lambs (P<0.01) than that of control lambs (Table
4). The total feed intake increased by about 13.16 % due to fenugreek treatment. Petit et al., (1993)
showed that the chronic oral administration of fenugreek extract (10 and 100 mg/day per 300 g body
weight) had significant influence on feed intake and the motivation to eat in male Wister rats.
Feed conversion:
Feed conversion of fenugreek-treated lambs was lower than that of control (Table 5). This means that
fenugreek treated lambs were more efficient in feed utilization than that of control. Also, feed conversion
was significantly improved by 11.19 % (P<0.01) by the administration of fenugreek. These results may be
due to the high concentrate intake resulted in high propionate concentration. Similarly, Webster (1979)
reported that feeding ruminant diets containing high proportion of concentrates increased the efficiency of
utilization of metabolizable energy for fattening.
Mader and Brumm, (1987) reported that saponin-rich plants was found to improve feed efficiency
and health in ruminants.
Nutrients digestibility:
Data in Table (6) proved that no significant differences were found between control and fenugreek
groups in digestibility of DM, OM, CP and CF. Similar results were reported by Singh et al., (1991) and
Abo- Donia et al., (2003). On the other hand, fenugreek treated lambs had slightly higher EE and NFE
digestibility compared with control group. These results were in agreement with results obtained by
Kattab et al., (2001) with fenugreek fed to lactating buffalo. In this regard, El-Saadany et al., (1999)
reported that there was an improvement in DM, CP and CF digestibility of lactating buffalo fed fenugreek
seeds as feed additive. Moreover, the improvement of EE digestibility for lambs fed fenugreek might be
attributed to saponins, as reported by Cheeke, (1996).
Some blood constituents:
As shown in Table (7) plasma total protein tended to increase insignificantly in treated fenugreek
lambs compared with control. These results might be attributed to the stimulation of thyroid hormone
secretion due to fenugreek feeding as reported by Panda et al., (1999). Abo–Donia et al., (2003) found
that plasma total protein concentration was slightly higher in fenugreek treated beef steer than that of
control (6.25 vs. 6.13, gm/dl).
The overall mean of plasma glucose concentration tended to be insignificantly higher by 13.76 % in
fenugreek treated lambs than control (Table 7). Such trend might be due to the increase in feed intake in
treated lambs (Table 4). Dietary fenugreek was noted to stimulate thyroxin secretion, which led to an
increase in gluconeogenesis and / or plasma glucose concentration in lambs (Cole et al., 1994 and Panda
et al., 1999). In addition, increased glucose concentration in fenugreek lambs may be due to an increase in
propionic production (Abo-Donia et al., 2003) and to the saponins compound in the seeds (Valdez et al.,
1986).
Plasma total cholesterol was significantly decreased (P<0.01) by 29.85 % in treated lambs than that
of control (Table 7). Such reduction might be due to the effect of saponins compound in fenugreek seeds
and/or thyroid hormones that dietary fenugreek stimulates thyroxin secretion (Panda et al., 1999). A
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Abbas et al.
number of studies showed that saponins was able to lower serum cholesterol levels in a variety of animals
including human subjects (Matsuura, 2001).
Large mixed micelles formed by the interaction of saponins with bile acids account for their
increased excretion when saponin-rich foods are consumed (Oakenfull and Sidhu, 1990). The resulting
accelerated metabolism of cholesterol in the liver caused a decline in its serum levels. Additionally,
Kaneko (1989) found that serum cholesterol level generally inversely varied with thyroid hormones.
Thyroid hormones increased the rate of cholesterol catabolism by the liver. Parshad and Singh (1979)
found that hypocholestereamia associated with hyperthyroidism was due to augmented cholesterol
excretion. It was very interesting to find, from the present results, that bile bladder was significantly
increased (P<0.01) by 55.55 % in fenugreek- treated lambs than control (Table 8).
Offal components of lambs:
Non-edible parts:
Fasted live body weight and most of such non-edible parts tended to be heavier in fenugreek treated
lambs (Table 8), while full stomach and empty intestine weight were lower in fenugreek treatment than
control.
The main rumen content mass was smallest in lambs feed fenugreek compared with control ( the
lower percentages of full stomach, full and empty intestine in fenugreek treated lambs than control)
which reflected the importance of dietary fenugreek for feed utilization. Newbold et al., (1997) found that
supplementation of feed with high saponin content proved to have the potential to improve protein flow
from the rumen by suppressing protozoa action.
Edible parts:
Data in Table (9) show that fenugreek led to an increase in weight of liver, kidneys, testis and tail
while spleen was highly differed 64.29% (P<0.01) for fenugreek group. As well as, the weights of heart
fat, kidney and pelvic fat and intestine fat were lower insignificantly, but gut fat decreased significantly
(P<0.05).
These results may be due to that dietary fenugreek increased feed intake (Table 4) and / or the
reaction of thyroid hormones. Murray and Slezacek (1980) illustrated that lambs fed a high plan of
nutrition had greater weight of liver, kidney and pelts than similar animals fed a low plan of nutrition.
Moreover, the increase of testis weight in fenugreek treated lambs might be due to increase of thyroid
hormones (El-Sayed et al., 1975). The anabolic effect of thyroid hormones might be directly through its
effect on body metabolism (Schwartz, 1983) and indirectly through its effect on testis development
(Cooke et al., 1992).
On the other side, Bin-Hafeez et al. (2003) found that at doses of 50 and 100 mg fenugreek seeds / kg
body weight, a significant increase (P<0.05) in relative organ weight of thymus in Swiss albino mice was
observed but no effect on kidney and spleen weights. Liver weight also increased significantly at doses of
100 and 250 mg fenugreek seeds / kg body weight. The reduction of fat in animals fed fenugreek might
be due to a direct effect of fenugreek on adipocyte by lipolysis and inhibiting lipogenesis in mammals.
Kholif (2000) found that fatty acids in goats milk were insignificantly affected (P>0.05) by including
fenugreek seeds in diets.
Carcass components:
Carcass weight has no significant differences were found between fenugreek and control lambs
(Table 10). Dressing percentage was higher by 3.12, in fenugreek lambs group than in control. The
increase in carcass weight might be due to the reduction of some non-edible weight of carcass
components provided with fenugreek than control lambs (Table 8). Such improvement of carcass
components might be due to the increase of both daily gain and body weight of treated lambs (Table 5).
Gravert and Rosenhahn, (1965) showed that as the daily gain increased the percentage of muscle tissues
increased. Furthermore, the increase in carcass weight was associated with the increase in leg weight than
control (Table 10).
Composition of left carcass side:
Fenugreek-fed lambs had heavier leg, sirloin, best neck, mid neck; neck, shoulder, brisket flank and
best rib cut weights than those of the control lambs (Table 11). However, such differences were not
statistically significant. Meanwhile, a high priced cut (leg, sirloin and bested neck) was heavier in fed fenugreek lambs than control, and the highest part of high priced cuts was observed in sirloin cut by about
22.69% than control lambs (Table 11) but statistically insignificant difference.
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Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds (2012)
Dissection of best rib cuts showed that muscle, bone and fat weights were not significantly affected
by fenugreek feeding. Muscle and fat weights were higher while bone weight was lower in lambs fed
fenugreek when compared with control (Table 11). These results were in line with the heavier weight of
the individual skeletal muscles (Table 12) and left carcass side weight (Table 12). In addition, fenugreek
fed lambs had higher muscle / bone ratio and muscle / fat ratio than control lambs but in a non-significant
manner. This may be attributed to the higher lean and lower fat contents in lambs fed fenugreek (Table 9).
When weights of best rib parts were related to best rib weight, best rib muscle as a percentage of best
rib weight was higher while bone and fat percentages were lower in fenugreek-fed lambs than that of
control (Table 12). The increase of muscle weight or percentage was due to the increase in protein
content. In the same time, the increase in muscle weight might be associated with increased crude protein
content in different muscles.
This muscle accretion could occur by increased protein synthesis or from decreased protein
degradation. In addition, a saponins-rich plant was found to increase the efficiency of in vitro rumenmicrobial protein synthesis and decrease degradability of feed protein (Makkar and Becker, 1996). Also,
to have the potential to improve protein flow from the rumen by suppression protozoa action ( Newbold et
al., 1997).
Individual muscle weight:
Individual skeleted muscle weight of semimemberanosus (SM), supraspinatus (SP) and longissimas
dorsi (LD) had higher weight for fenugreek treated group relative to control lambs (Table 12). When
weight of individual muscle was related to left side weight, no significant differences were obtained
between treated and control lambs. However, SM and SP side percentages were higher, while LD was
lower in fenugreek- treated lambs than that of control lambs. The difference in response between muscles
may be due to differences in the proportion of fast and slow twitch fibers in the muscle or differences in
the proportion of muscle / bone ratio and muscle / fat ratio (Table 11). The different responses between
three muscles for muscle weight may be due to fiber type of muscle. Yang and McElligott (1989) noted
from histochemical observations that the anabolic effect of beta-agonist, such as fenugreek, may be
specific to certain fiber types. Muscles are composed of various ratio of type I (slow contracting,
oxidative) and type II (fast- contracting, mixed glucolytic /oxidative) fibers. In addition, the increase of
muscle weight was due to hypertrophic model of fenugreek induced muscle growth in addition to the
increase in protein content (Makkar and Becker, 1996 and Newbold et al., 1997).
Chemical composition of individual muscles in lambs:
There was a slight increase in the protein content and a significant reduction in the fat content of
Semimemberanosus (P<0.01), Supraspinatus (P<0.01)) and Longissimus dorsi muscles in fenugreek
treated lambs compared with the control (Table 13). The increase in the protein content in experimental
muscles might be related to the increase of thyroxine hormone (Panda et al., 1999) and feed intake (Table
5) of fenugreek- treated lambs. Hubbard et al., (1986) reported that thyroid hormone led to increase in the
rate of protein synthesis.
In addition, a saponins-rich plant, as herbal medicine like fenugreek, was found to increase the
efficiency of in vitro rumen-microbial protein synthesis and decrease degradability of feed protein
(Makkar and Becker, 1996) which further caused an increase in the rate of protein synthesis.
Reduced fat content in fenugreek treated lambs might be a reflection of the low level of lipid as
shown in Table (9). Plasma total cholesterol (precursor of lipid formation in the body) significantly
decreased (P<0.01) by 29.85 % in fenugreek- treated lambs as compared with the control. Such reduction
might be due to the effect of saponins compound in fenugreek seeds. Moreover, Basch Ethan et al.,
(2003) reported that fenugreek has the potential to lower lipid content because it contains sponginess that
is transformed into sapogenins in the gastrointestinal tract.
Therefore, the inclusion of fenugreek seeds in the feedstuffs would be advantageous for animal's
production in Upper Egypt condition.
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Table (1): Formula of the two experimental feed mixtures.
Item
Yellow corn
Decorticated cotton seeds
Wheat bran
Limestone
Sodium chloride
Fenugreek seeds
Total
Feed mixtures (1)
47
30
20
2
1
0
100
Feed mixtures (2)
47
27
20
2
1
3
100
Table (2): Chemical composition of the feed mixtures and fenugreek seeds (DM basis).
Item
Organic matter
Crude protein
Ether extract
Crude fiber
Nitrogen-free extract
Ash
Feed mixtures (1)
90.11
18.60
4.41
7.74
59.36
9.89
Feed mixtures (2)
90.21
19.39
4.63
8.03
58.16
9.79
Fenugreek seeds
96.61
26.18
7.39
9.49
53.55
3.39
*Calculated on dry matter basis.
Table (3): The influence of fenugreek supplementation on live body weight (kg) of Saidi lambs
during the experimental period (X ± SE).
Period of experiment (/ 4 weeks)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Live body weight (kg)
Control
22.42 ±1.71
26.40 ±1.72
28.59 ±2.77
30.65 ±3.51
32.54 ±4.32
32.87 ± 4.65
Fenugreek
23.15±1.99
27.52±2.39
29.90±2.72
33.02±3.51
35.61±4.84
36.13±5.01
Change
%
Sig.
-----+ 4.24
+ 4.58
+ 7.73
+ 9.43
+ 9.92
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Table (4): The influence of fenugreek supplementation on daily gain (g/day) in Saidi lambs during
the experimental period (X ± SE).
Period of experiment (/4weeks)
Initial body weight, kg
Final body weight, kg
1
2
3
4
5
Daily gain, g/day (5 periods)
Feed intake, kg/day (5 periods)
Feed conversion, kg feed/kg gain
Daily gain (g/day)
Control
Fenugreek
22.42± 1.71
32.87 ± 4.65
142± 14.78
77±12.16
74±11.29A
67±13.92a
48±11.21A
81.8± 3.18A
1.14B ±0.012
13.94A ± 0.18
23.15 ±1.99
36.13± 5.02
157 ±19.05
85± 12.46
112± 13.28B
93 ±14.03b
73 ±12.80B
104.2 ±3.34B
1.29A ±0.013
12.38B± 0.24
A, B Significant at 1% levels (P<0.01)
a, b Significant at 5% levels (P<0.05) according to least significant difference (LSD).
98
% Change
Sig.
----+ 9.92
+ 10.56
+ 10.39
+ 51.35
+ 37.31
+ 52.08
+ 27.38
+13.16
- 12.60
NS
NS
NS
NS
**
*
**
**
*
**
Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds (2012)
Table (5): Effect of dietary fenugreek on feed intake and feed efficiency of lambs.
Item
Treatment
Control
22.42± 1.71
Initial body weight, kg
32.87 ± 4.65
Final body weight, kg
81.80 ± 3.18
Daily gain, g/day ( 5 periods)
1.14b ± 0.012
Feed intake, kg/day ( 5 periods)
13.94a ± 0.18
Feed conversion, kg feed/kg gain
Table (6): Nutrient digestibilities of experimental rations.
Sig.
Fenugreek
23.15 ±1.99
36.13± 5.02
04.2 ± 3.34
1.29a ± 0.013
2.38b ± 0.24
NS
NS
NS
**
**
Item
Control
Fenugreek
% change
Sig.
71.38±1.76
70.92±1.68
- 0.64
NS
DM
75.69±1.21
74.65±1.11
- 1.37
NS
OM
59.76±1.61
60.49±1.76
+ 1.22
NS
CP
51.59±1.80
52.19±1.66
+1.16
NS
CF
67.29±1.39
70.10±1.55
+ 4.18
NS
EE
68.77±1.75
70.51±1.44
+ 2.50
NS
NFE
Table (7): Selected blood constituents as influenced by dietary fenugreek seeds in Saidi lambs.
Item
Total protein (gm/100ml)
Glucose (mg/100ml)
Total cholesterol (mg/100ml)
Treatment
Control
Fenugreek
5.34± 0.38
60.48 ± 0.58
68.00 ± 4.26a
5.49± 0.23
68.80± 0.51
47.70± 2.98b
%
change
+2.81
+13.76
- 29.85
Sig.
NS
NS
**
** Significant at 1% level (LSD).
Table (8): The influence of fenugreek supplementation on fasted body weight and non-edible parts
(kg) in carcass of Saidi lambs (X ± SE).
Traits (kg)
Fasted body weight
Head weight
Feet weight
Skin weight
Lungs and trachea weight
Rumen full weight
Rumen empty weight
Intestine full weight
Intestine empty weight
Gall bladder weight
Control
Treatment
Fenugreek
32.87± 4.65
1.82 ± 0.22
0.893± 0.081
3.20± 0.45b
0.427±0.043
4.18±0.72
0.965±0.126
2.07 ± 0.38
1.19± 0.13
0.009± 0.001b
36.13± 5.02
1.86±0.12
0.963± 0.038
4.08 ± 0.43a
0.495 ± 0.057
4.04±0.66
0.975± 0.125
2.23± 0.45
1.11±0.24
0.014±0.002a
%
Change
Sig.
+ 9.92
+2.20
+ 7.84
+ 27.50
+ 15.92
-3.35
+ 1.04
+7.33
-7.09
+55.55
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
**
Table (9): The influence of fenugreek supplementation on edible parts of Saidi lambs (X ± SE).
Traits (kg)
Liver weight
Heart weight
Kidneys weight
Spleen weight
Testis weight
Tail weight
Heart fat
Kidneys and pelvic fat
Gut fat
Intestine fat
Control
Treatment
Fenugreek
0.465 ± 0.073
0.136± 0.011
0.089± 0.016
0.042±0.006B
0.238±0.047
0.111±0.010
0.032 ± 0.006
0.080± 0.016
0.172± 0.059a
0.235± 0.030
0.540± 0.077
0.136± 0.008
0.105 ± 0.016
0.069 ± 0.01A
0.275±0.038
0.136± 0.019
0.026± 0.006
0.078±0.008
0.102±0.077b
0.209 ±0.046
A, B Significant at 1% level.
a ,b Significant at 5% level, based on using the least significant difference (LSD)
99
%
Change
Sig.
+ 16.13
+ 0.74
+ 17.98
+ 64.29
+ 15.55
+ 22.52
- 18.75
-2.5
-40.70
-11.06
NS
NS
NS
**
NS
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
Abbas et al.
Table (10): The influence of fenugreek supplementation on fasted body weight and carcass
components (kg) of Saidi lambs (X ± SE).
Treatments
Traits (kg)
Fasted body weight
Carcass weight
Dressing %,
Control
Fenugreek
32.87± 4.65
13.99 ± 1.69
42.54±0.74
36.13± 5.02
15.80±2.04
43.87±0.76
%
Change
+ 9.92
+12.95
+3.12
Table (11): The influence of fenugreek supplementation on left carcass composition side (kg) of
Saidi lambs (X ± SE).
Traits (Kg)
Treatments
%
Change
Sig.
Control
Fenugreek
1.99 ± 0.30
2.42±0.35
+23.78
NS
Leg weight,
0.789±0.078
0.968±0.163
+ 22.69
NS
Sir loin weight,
0.478±0.050
0.528 ± 0.095
+ 10.47
NS
Best neck weight,
0.414±0.034
0.460±0.054
+11.11
NS
Mid neck weight,
0.689±0.097
0.758±0.0.78
+6.12
NS
Neck weight,
1.27±0.16
1.51± 0.14
+ 18.90
NS
Shoulder weight,
0.693±0.136
0.858± 0.065
+23.81
NS
Brisket weight,
0.226±0.100
0.272±0.120
+20.35
NS
Flank weight,
0.256±0.030
0.280±0.052
+9.37
NS
Best rib weight,
Dissection of best rib weight,
0.106±0.013
0.126±0.017
+18.87
NS
Best rib muscle weight,
0.074±0.006
0.070±0.010
- 5.40
NS
Best rib bone weight,
0.075±0.014
0.081±0.025
+8
NS
Best rib fat weight,
1.41±0.09
1.70±0.11
+20.57
NS
Muscle: bone ratio
1.46±0.18
1.69±0.20
+15.75
NS
Muscle: fat ratio
Table (12): The influence of fenugreek supplementation on individual muscle weight of carcass
components (kg) of saidi lambs (X ± SE).
Traits (kg)
Left side weight,
Semimemberanosus (SM)
Supraspinatus (SP)
Longissimus Dorsi (LD)
muscle %:
SM %
SP%
LD%
Treatments
Control
6.94± 0.98
0.067±0.008
0.100±0.014
0.062±0.010
Fenugreek
8.05 ± 1.01
0.079±0.009
0.118± 0.011
0.069± 0.010
0.965±0.049
1.44±0.043
0.897±0.053
0.989±0.084
1.49±0.069
0.857±0.069
100
%
Change
Sig.
+ 15.99
+17.91
+ 18
+10.56
NS
NS
NS
NS
+2.49
+3.21
- 8.78
NS
NS
NS
‫)‪Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds (2012‬‬
‫‪Table (13): Effect of dietary fenugreek on individual muscles on lamb carcass components (kg) of‬‬
‫‪Saidi lambs (X ± SE).‬‬
‫‪Sig.‬‬
‫‪%‬‬
‫‪Change‬‬
‫‪Treatments‬‬
‫‪Fenugreek‬‬
‫‪Name of muscle‬‬
‫‪Control‬‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫**‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫‪+0.78‬‬
‫‪+2.64‬‬
‫‪-21.95‬‬
‫‪-8.73‬‬
‫‪74.40±0.35‬‬
‫‪19.84±0.35‬‬
‫‪3.20±0.22b‬‬
‫‪2.09±0.09‬‬
‫‪73.82 ±0.26‬‬
‫‪19.33±0.32‬‬
‫‪4.10±0.20a‬‬
‫‪2.29±0.09‬‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫**‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫‪+0.63‬‬
‫‪+2.43‬‬
‫‪-19.96‬‬
‫‪-----‬‬
‫‪73.61±0.40‬‬
‫‪20.67±0.40‬‬
‫‪3.77±0.28b‬‬
‫‪1.57±0.08‬‬
‫‪73.15±0.27‬‬
‫‪20.18±0.35‬‬
‫‪4.71±0.21a‬‬
‫‪1.57±0.08‬‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫‪NS‬‬
‫‪-0.64‬‬
‫‪+2.86‬‬
‫‪-6.65‬‬
‫‪+6.00‬‬
‫‪73.16±0.39‬‬
‫‪20.97±0.36‬‬
‫‪3.79±0.19‬‬
‫‪1.59±0.08‬‬
‫‪73.63±0.28‬‬
‫‪20.36±0.38‬‬
‫‪4.06±0.18‬‬
‫‪1.50±0.07‬‬
‫)‪Semimemberanosus (SM‬‬
‫‪Moisture,%‬‬
‫‪Protein,%‬‬
‫‪Fat,%‬‬
‫‪Ash,%‬‬
‫)‪Supraspintus (SP‬‬
‫‪Moisture,%‬‬
‫‪Protein,%‬‬
‫‪Fat,%‬‬
‫‪Ash,%‬‬
‫)‪Longissimus Dorsi (LD‬‬
‫‪Moisture,%‬‬
‫‪Protein,%‬‬
‫‪Fat,%‬‬
‫‪Ash,%‬‬
‫‪** Significant at 1% levels, based on using the least significant difference.‬‬
‫إضافة بذور الحلبة لعالئق الحمالن وتأثيرها على مظهرها االنتاجى وصفات الذبيحة‪.‬‬
‫سيف اليزل فتحى عباس‪ ،‬محمد نصرت محمود ‪ ،‬فاروق محمد عالم ‪ ،‬محمد وائل حسن دغش‬
‫قسم االنتاج الحيوانى والدواجن ‪ ،‬كلية الزراعة ‪ ،‬جامعة أسيوط‪ ،‬أسيوط ‪ ،‬مصر‪.‬‬
‫أجريت هذة الدراسة في مزرعة بحوث قسم اإلنتاج الحيواني والدواجن ‪ ،‬كلية الزراعة ‪ ،‬جامعة أسيوط ‪ .‬بغرض دراسة تأثيير ضاأافة‬
‫بذور الحلبة على النمو والغذاء المثكول ومكونات الدم وبعض صفات الذبيحة في األغنام الصأعيد تحأت وأروص مصأر العليأا‪ .‬اسأتددم فأي‬
‫هأأذا التبربأأة ‪ 8‬مأأن الحمأألص الصأأعيد تأأم تشسأأيم ا ع أأوا يا ضلأأى مبمأأوعتين تحتأأوج ك أ مبموعأأة علأأى ‪ 4‬حيوانأأات‪ .‬بلأأم متوسأأو الأأو ص‬
‫للحيوانات في بداية التبربة ‪ 23.15 ، 22.42‬كيلأو جأرام للمبموعأة األولأى والنانيأة علأى التوالي‪.‬المبموعأة األولأى لأم تتغأذج علأى بأذور‬
‫الحلبة واعتبرت مبموعة الكنترول بينما المبموعة النانية كانت تتغأذج علأى ‪ %3‬بأذور الحلبأة واعتبأرت مبموعأة المعاملأة‪ .‬وقأد تأم تغذيأة‬
‫‪ 140‬يأوم أعشب أا ‪ 10‬أيأام تبربأة ه‪.‬أم‪.‬‬
‫الحملص في المعاملتين علأى عليشأة ن أنة ومركأزة حتأى ال أبم‪ .‬اسأتمرت التبربأة ‪ 20‬أسأبو‬
‫أجريت تبربة ال ‪.‬م على ‪ 3‬حيوانات من ك مبموعة لمدة ‪ 10‬أيام لتشدير معام ه‪.‬م المركبأات الغذا يأة بأالعل ا المدتبأرة‪ .‬وقأد بحأت‬
‫أربعة حيوانات من ك مبموعة في ن اية التبربة لمعرفة مكونات الذبيحأة‪ .‬وأنأذت عينأات دم يأم فصألت البل مأا لتشأدير كأ مأن البأروتين‬
‫الكلى‪ ,‬البلوكو و الكولسترول الكلى‪.‬يم أنذت عينات من التلبيانكو ‪ ,‬ق أرة اللأوو والع‪.‬ألة العينيأة لتشأدير محتأواهم مأن الرطوبأة والرمأاد‬
‫والبروتين والدهن‪.‬‬
‫وقد أو رت الدراسة يادة معنوية في كمية الغذاء المثكول الكلى )‪ ، (P<0.01‬معام تحوي الغذاء)‪ ، P<0.01‬وتحسن فأى معأدل‬
‫الزيأأادة الو نيأأة وو ص البسأأم الن أأا ى فأأي المبموعأأة الم‪.‬أأاص ضلأأى عل ش أأا بأأذور الحلبأأة مشارنأأة بأأالكنترول‪ .‬اليوجأأد فأأرون معنويأأة بأأين‬
‫المبموعة ال‪.‬ابطة والمبموعة المعاملة فى معاملت ه‪.‬م كأل مأن المأادة البافأة ‪ ,‬المأادة الع‪.‬أوية‪ ,‬البأروتين الدأام واالليأاص الدأام بينمأا‬
‫ارتفعأأت معأأاملت ه‪.‬أأم كأأل مأأن مسأأتدلس االييأأر والمسأأتدلس الدأأالى مأأن اال وت فأأى الحمأألص المغأأذاة علأأى بأأذور الحلبأأة مشارنأأة‬
‫بأأالكنترول‪ .‬أدت ضاأأافة بأأذور الحلبأأة ضلأأى حأأدوث ارتفأأا غيأأر معنأأو فأأي تركيأأز البأأروتين الكلأأى والبلوكأأو مأأم حأأدوث نشأأس معنأأو‬
‫)‪ P<0.01‬في الكولسترول الكلى مشارنة بالكنترول‪.‬‬
‫أدت ضاافة بذور الحلبة ضلى يادة في و ص الذبيحة ونسبة التصافي مم يادة غير معنوية في نسأبة معأدل الع‪.‬ألت ل الع أام ومعأدل‬
‫الع ام ل الدهن ‪ .‬كانأت مع أم األجأزاء المثكولأة وغيأر المثكولأة و النصأ األيسأر مأن الذبيحأة وقطأم الذبيحأة واي‪.‬أا نسأبة مكونأات الكتأ‬
‫وبيت الكلوج والفدذ ايش فى المبموعة المغأذاة علأى بأذور الحلبأة مشارنأة بالمبموعأة ال‪.‬أابطة‪ .‬كانأت ع‪.‬ألت التلبيأانكو وق أرة اللأوو‬
‫والع‪.‬لة العينية أيش في الحملص المعاملة ببذور الحلبة بينما أو ر التحلي الكيمأاوج للع‪.‬ألت السأابشة ضندفأاض معنأوج فأي نسأبة الأدهن‬
‫فى الحيوانات المعاملة ببذور الحلبة مشارنة بالكنترول‪.‬‬
‫‪101‬‬