Download notes pack unit 3 cp

Unit # 3 Cell Structure and Function (Chapter 4 in the book)
I. Cell Theory
A. What is a cell?
Cell = ___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
B. What is the cell theory?
The cell theory states:
1. All living things are made up of _____________.
2. Cells are the __________________________________________________________ in
living things.
3. New cells are only produced from __________________________________.
C. Development of Cell Theory:
- Mid-1600s scientists began to use ____________________ to observe living things
- In 1665, Englishman ___________________________ used an early compound
microscope to look at a nonliving thin slice of ______________, a plant material.
- Under the microscope, cork seemed to be made of thousands of tiny, empty chambers
that Hooke called “______________”. The term cell is used in biology to this day.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek examined and drew _______________________.
… ________________ were the basic units of life
- 1838 Matthias Schleiden concluded that _______________________________________
- 1839 Theodor Schwann stated that _______________________________________
- 1855 Rudolf Virchow concluded that _________________________________________
_________________________________, confirming a suggestion made by Lorenz Oken
50 years earlier
Unit # 3 Cell Structure and Function
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D. These discoveries are summarized in the cell theory, a fundamental concept of biology.
The cell theory states:
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. Cells are the ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
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II. Cell Shape and Size:
A. Cell Shape:
B. Cell Size:
a. What is the problem with increasing cell size?
i. _________________________ increases faster than
_______________________as a cell grows
ii. PROBLEM:
1.
2.
III. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
A. _______________________are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei.
B. _______________________are cells that
do not enclose DNA in nuclei.
Prokaryotic Cells:
- Examples:
Unit # 3 Cell Structure and Function
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Eukaryotic Cells
- Examples:
Which do you think is older?
i. Scientists think ____________________________ evolved first, since they are
________________________________
ii. Endosymbiosis:
1. As ________________________ cells evolved they
____________________ other prokaryotic cells, which eventually
became _______________________ cells.
2. Scientists think that this is how ________________________and
___________________became incorporated into
_________________________
iii. Evidence:
1. _______________________ and _____________________ have DNA
that varies from the rest of the cell
Unit # 3 Cell Structure and Function
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b. How to remember prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells it’s all in a hand bag!
i. Girls…when going to a wedding / fancy occasion describe your purse
1.
ii. The rest of the time, what are most of your purses like?
1.
IV. Cell Organelles:
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
Unit # 3 Cell Structure and Function
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___________
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A. Organelles (additions and highlights):
1. Plasma membrane
 Made of ___________________________________________________ (a bilayer)
****Allows transport of molecules into / out of the cell
 Helps protect cell from bacteria, etc
 Chemical communication with other cells
 (Review) Phospholipid – contains _______________________________________
 Membrane contain lipids called sterols (cholesterol)
- help make membrane _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
a. membrane proteins
Integral proteins –
i.
PERIPHERAL PROTEIN
INTEGRAL
PROTEIN
Proteins in the
plasma membrane
that are ________
_______________
_______________
_______________
INTEGRAL
PROTEIN
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS
_______________
______________________________________________________________
ii.
Have _____________________ attached to act as marker or label
iii.
Function:
i. Communication
ii. __________________________________________________________
Peripheral proteins – proteins found _____________________________________
b. fluid mosaic model
- Idea that the _______________________________________________________
around each other
- Plasma membrane is more of a ________________________________________
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2. Cytoplasm
part of the cell including the __________________________________________________
_________________________________ (everything inside the cell EXCEPT the nucleus)
3. Cytosol
the cytoplasm that includes the ribosome's but ___________________________________
– 20% protein (the cytoplasm minus the membrane bound organelles)
4. Nucleus
______________________________
____________ – controlled by the
code in your DNA
5. Nuclear Membrane / Envelope
______________________________
______________________________
___________________________
6. Nuclear Pore
____________________________ in the nuclear membrane that allow RNA to enter or
leave nucleus
7. Nucleolus
where ______________________________________ ribosomal RNA (______________)
8. Chromosome
DNA coils to form chromatin  chromatin coils to form chromosomes

_____________________ is how the cell’s
genetic material is stored when _____________
______________________________________

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
____________________________________
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9. Ribosome
- proteins that ___________________________________________
- Consist of ___________________________
10. Mitochondria
- takes organic molecules and makes ________ (adenosine triphosphate)
- ________________________________________________________________________

Inner membrane has many folds for reactions to occur (called cristae)
- Which cells would you think have the most mitochondria?
= ___________________________________
11. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- “intracellular highway”
- ________________________________ and is composed of tubes and sacs
- Rough ER – contains ____________________________

Thus produces proteins (some phospholipids)

Proteins produced then ______________________________________and then
transported around / out of cell
- Smooth ER – lack ribosome's

___________________________________________________________ (estrogen
& testosterone)
12. Golgi Apparatus
- _________________________________________________________
- Receive vesicles from ER and modify
them as the move through the Golgi (get
“address labels”)
- Vesicles are _______________________
__________________________________
- ______________________________
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13. Vesicle
- Used to _________________________________________________________________
- Vary in type
- Spherically shaped
- Surrounded by a membrane
14. Lysosome
- vesicle that contains __________________________________ produced by Golgi
- Digest _______________________________________________, etc
- Break down glycogen to get glucose
- Cytolysis or autolysis – lysosomes ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
15. Cytoskeleton
- ________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
16. Microtubule
- hollow tubes made of protein that ____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
17. Microfilament - Smaller threads that _______________________________________________________
- Made of protein
18. Intermediate filaments
- Rods that _______________________________________________________________
- _______________________________________________________________
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- Make up most of
your _________
19. Cilium
- _________________________________________ that extend from the surface of cells
- ________________________________________
- ____________________________________
20. Flagellum
- ___________________________________________________________________________
- ________________________________________________
21. Centriole
- short cylinders that ___________________________________________________________
- ________________________________________________________
22. Cell wall
- ___________________________________________________________________________
- Contain ____________________________
23. Central vacuole
- large organelle that _______________________________________________________ etc.
- Take up a large amount of the ________________________________
- If filled with water, how will plant stand?

___________________________________________________________________
24. Plastid
- _________________________________ that have their ___________________ and perform
specific functions
25. Chloroplast
- ___________________________________________________________________________
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26. Thylakoids
- flat membranous sacs that contain chlorophyll (____________________________________)
27. Chlorophyll
- green pigment that ___________________________________________________________
V. Cellular Organization
 Organelle
– _________________________________________________________________________
 Tissue
– _________________________________________________________________________
 Organ
– _________________________________________________________________________
 Organ system
– _________________________________________________________________________
IE:

Digestive system

Respiratory System

Nervous System

Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System
A. Organization of the cell membrane:
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VI. Microscopes:
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