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Relational Algebra - Philadelphia University
Relational Algebra - Philadelphia University

... Database State for COMPANY All examples discussed below refer to the COMPANY database shown here. ...
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Database Backup and Restore

... To back up the databases from Amicus whenever desired, choose Maintenance > Backup view in the Firm Settings view of the Office module and then click Backup Now. The rolling backup number and location settings will be applied. ...
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... reads. This has led many to believe that flash is not an appropriate technology for write intensive applications. While this perception is certainly true about writes to the underlying NAND chips that many flash storage devices are constructed from, enterprise level flash devices have been designed, ...
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... create view v as < query expression > where is any legal SQL expression. The view name is represented by v.  Once a view is defined, the view name can be used to refer to the virtual relation that the view generates.  View definition is not the same as creating a new relation by ...
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... structure in two ways: By identifying what entities should be included in the AIS database By prescribing how to structure relationships among the entities in the AIS database ©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart ...
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... Given a tuple d in deposit, it is no longer necessary to read the entire customer relation. Instead, the index is used to look up tuples in customer for which the customer-name value is d[customer-name]. Only one tuples in customer table for which d[c-name] = c[c-name] since c-name is a primary key ...
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... Applications need to monitor various aggregate queries such as quantiles, number of distinct items, and heavy-hitters, in small space, typically O(polylog n). Data stream management systems are becoming mature at managing such streams and monitoring these aggregates on high speed streams such as in ...
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... catalog that records information about databases they can connect to (in this case, databases on joshua; but a client’s catalog could actually contain references to databases on many different servers.) (3) It is also possible for any system that has the db2 JDBC driver installed to access the datab ...
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... Some database systems, particularly the flat-file databases such as dBase, do not support floating-point numbers. In cases where floating-point numbers are not supported, the toolkit converts floating-point numbers to the nearest equivalent, usually binary-coded decimal (BCD), before storing them in ...
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Concurrency control

In information technology and computer science, especially in the fields of computer programming, operating systems, multiprocessors, and databases, concurrency control ensures that correct results for concurrent operations are generated, while getting those results as quickly as possible.Computer systems, both software and hardware, consist of modules, or components. Each component is designed to operate correctly, i.e., to obey or to meet certain consistency rules. When components that operate concurrently interact by messaging or by sharing accessed data (in memory or storage), a certain component's consistency may be violated by another component. The general area of concurrency control provides rules, methods, design methodologies, and theories to maintain the consistency of components operating concurrently while interacting, and thus the consistency and correctness of the whole system. Introducing concurrency control into a system means applying operation constraints which typically result in some performance reduction. Operation consistency and correctness should be achieved with as good as possible efficiency, without reducing performance below reasonable levels. Concurrency control can require significant additional complexity and overhead in a concurrent algorithm compared to the simpler sequential algorithm.For example, a failure in concurrency control can result in data corruption from torn read or write operations.
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