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Entity Sets
Entity Sets

... two). Generally, most relationship sets in a database system are binary.  Relationship sets may involve more than two entity sets. ...
python-tds Documentation
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OODB_I Lecture 9 - Computing at Northumbria
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... An RDB does not support abstract data types (ADT), all attribute values must be atomic and relations must be in first normal form (flat relation). An ORDB supports ADTs, attributes can be multivalued, and does not require first normal form. The underlying basic data structures of RDBs are much simpl ...
SQLrand: Preventing SQL Injection Attacks
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... them. Without this setting, several modules are open to such attacks. Even with the option set, injections on numeric fields are not protected because the application does not check for numeric input. For example, when attempting to download content from the php-nuke application, the download optio ...
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... • The SQL LIKE keyword allow searchs on partial data values • LIKE can be paired with wildcards to find rows matching a string value – Multiple character wildcard character is a percent sign (%) – Single character wildcard character is an underscore (_) KROENKE and AUER - DATABASE CONCEPTS (3rd Edit ...
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...  T1 can be ignored (updates already output to disk due to checkpoint)  Undo T4 (remember Undo first, then Redo) // 이유는 clear하지 않다  Redo T2 and T3. ...
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... Flight costs received from back office systems are usually base costs (excluding taxes and fees) while the total cost of the airline ticket usually contains all taxes and fees. Therefore, the sum of the flight costs will not match the price of the ticket. The difference usually is the taxes and fees ...
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... Once we have established a connection with a database, we can start its manipulation This means: • Queries • Insetions, updates and deletions of rows (records) of a table • Table and index creation These kinds of operations are performed in relational databases by means of the language SQL In the fo ...
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...  Intraoperation Parallelism – parallelize the execution of each individual operation in the query.  Interoperation Parallelism – execute the different operations in a query expression in parallel. ...
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... Micro loans are small loans, which is beginning to gain popularity especially among borrowers in developing countries. The idea is to bring venture lenders together using information technology. Typically, the loans will be used to finance startup or development of the borrower’s company, so that th ...
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...  For binary many-to-one relationship sets, the primary key of the “many” entity set becomes the relation’s primary key.  For one-to-one relationship sets, the relation’s primary key can be that of either entity set.  For many-to-many relationship sets, the union of the primary keys becomes the re ...
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... application depends on the quality of data organization. Advances in database technology and processing offer opportunities for using information flexibility and efficiently when data is organized and stored in relational structures. The relational DBMS is a success in the commercial market place wi ...
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... will be very useful when learning the SQL commands. This activity could also be done in groups. Each group works together to prepare a large-wall schematic of the tables for each database. What to Watch For Check to make sure that students understand and can identify the table keywords. Check studen ...
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...  Database: a collection of interrelated tables  Table: a logical grouping of related data • A category of people, places, or things • For example, employees or departments • Organized into rows and columns ...
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... Statement myStmt = myCon.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = myStmt.executeQuery( ”SELECT code, name, period, teacher ” + ”FROM Courses, GivenCourses ” + ”WHERE code = course ” + ”ORDER BY code, period”); Compare with previous row to see if this is a new course. String currentCourse, course; If it is, ...
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Concurrency control

In information technology and computer science, especially in the fields of computer programming, operating systems, multiprocessors, and databases, concurrency control ensures that correct results for concurrent operations are generated, while getting those results as quickly as possible.Computer systems, both software and hardware, consist of modules, or components. Each component is designed to operate correctly, i.e., to obey or to meet certain consistency rules. When components that operate concurrently interact by messaging or by sharing accessed data (in memory or storage), a certain component's consistency may be violated by another component. The general area of concurrency control provides rules, methods, design methodologies, and theories to maintain the consistency of components operating concurrently while interacting, and thus the consistency and correctness of the whole system. Introducing concurrency control into a system means applying operation constraints which typically result in some performance reduction. Operation consistency and correctness should be achieved with as good as possible efficiency, without reducing performance below reasonable levels. Concurrency control can require significant additional complexity and overhead in a concurrent algorithm compared to the simpler sequential algorithm.For example, a failure in concurrency control can result in data corruption from torn read or write operations.
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