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estimation of voltage ratio, vector - e
estimation of voltage ratio, vector - e

... No-load losses (also referred to as core losses and iron losses) are a very small part of the power rating of the transformer, usually less than 1%. Since these losses are essentially constant for the each transformer (do not vary with load), they generally represent a sizable operating expense espe ...
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUDIO EVOKED RESPONSE SYSTEM TO FACILITATE ANAESTHESIA MONITORING
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUDIO EVOKED RESPONSE SYSTEM TO FACILITATE ANAESTHESIA MONITORING

Features Description Block Diagram Pin Diagram (Top Side View
Features Description Block Diagram Pin Diagram (Top Side View

... is provided for each channel. Each channel operates fully independently. When the channels are enabled (EN=1) and operating, that channels input signal level (on xI+/-) determines whether the output is active. If the input signal level of the channel falls below the active threshold level (Vth-) the ...
GIGABIT ABIT
GIGABIT ABIT

... broadcast domains. A measure of security is provided since hosts can only access other hosts on the same VLAN and traffic storms are isolated. ROS supports 802.1Q tagged Ethernet frames and VLAN trunks. Port based classification allows legacy devices to be assigned to the correct VLAN. GVRP support ...
AD8215 数据手册DataSheet 下载
AD8215 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... and industrial environments where the common-mode voltage can vary significantly, it is important that the current sensor maintain the specified output linearity, regardless of the input differential or common-mode voltage. The AD8215 contains specific circuitry on the input stage, which ensures tha ...
MC1496 MC1596 Specifications and Applications
MC1496 MC1596 Specifications and Applications

... dynamic range of 90 dB when operating at an intermediate frequencv of 9 MHz. The detector is broadband for the entire high frequency range. For operation at very low intermediate frequencies down to 50 kHz the 0.1 #F capacitors on pins 7 and 8 should be increased to 1.0 #F. Also, the output filter a ...
Differential Voltage Probe
Differential Voltage Probe

... (red) and the V– clip (black). The voltage probes have differential inputs. The voltage measured is with respect to the black clip and not circuit ground. This allows you to measure directly across circuit elements without the constraints of common grounding. The voltage probes can be used to measur ...
Designing High Speed Analog Signal Chains from
Designing High Speed Analog Signal Chains from

IV. Measuring Return Ratio at the Terminals of a Dependent Source
IV. Measuring Return Ratio at the Terminals of a Dependent Source

... Abstract—The proof of Middlebrook's formula for simulating return ratio is revisited in order to extend it to linear networks with multiple bilateral feedback loops. Instead of an idealized feedback model, the new proof is based on a generic feedback model. It is shown that Middlebrook's formula can ...
JFET Amplifier
JFET Amplifier

... 4. Simulation of the two-stage amplifier without feedback resistor Rf k. Connect the JFET amplifier with the BJT amplifier to get a two-stage amplifier as shown in Figure 1 except the feedback resistor Rf. The load resistor RL is 10 k. Rin is NOT needed in this step. l. Simulate the two-stage ampli ...
MAX2016 LF-to-2.5GHz Dual Logarithmic Detector/ Controller for Power, Gain, and VSWR Measurements
MAX2016 LF-to-2.5GHz Dual Logarithmic Detector/ Controller for Power, Gain, and VSWR Measurements

... signals. The device internally subtracts one power level from the other to provide a DC output voltage that is proportional to the power difference (gain). The MAX2016 can also measure the return loss/VSWR of an RF signal by monitoring the incident and reflected power levels associated with any give ...
Technical Article How to Design Wideband Front Ends for GSPS Converters
Technical Article How to Design Wideband Front Ends for GSPS Converters

... 50 Ω load on the primary. Otherwise, the preceding stage in the signal chain ends up driving a heavier load (~40 Ω). This leads to more gain in the preceding stage; more gain and misrepresented load conditions lead to more distortion that the high speed converter will “see” and therefore limit the s ...
Ultra-Precision CML AnyGate with Internal Input and Output
Ultra-Precision CML AnyGate with Internal Input and Output

... MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com Micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this data sheet. This information is not intended as ...
HMC855LC5 数据资料DataSheet下载
HMC855LC5 数据资料DataSheet下载

27th DAAAM International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing
27th DAAAM International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing

... The static DC measurements agree that all requirements defined in the start of this paper were fulfilled. The radiated electromagnetic field measurements shown, that the designed circuit is likely to meet the requirements defined by the standard. At the other hand, the measurement of interferences o ...
LC Quadrature Generation in Integrated Circuits
LC Quadrature Generation in Integrated Circuits

... components than what would be needed for some of the other methods. In a discrete realization all of these three requirements may be problematic but on an integrated circuit well balanced differential signals and good component matching is readily available and the differential structure does not do ...
RFSW2044D DC TO 25GHz GaAs SPST SWITCH Features Product Description
RFSW2044D DC TO 25GHz GaAs SPST SWITCH Features Product Description

... die first and then to the mounting substrate or package. The physical length of the bondwires should be minimized especially when making RF or ground connections. Handling Precautions To avoid damage to the devices, care should be exercised during handling. Proper Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) preca ...
LMV232 Dual-Channel Integrated Mean Square Power Detector for
LMV232 Dual-Channel Integrated Mean Square Power Detector for

... noise-like signals are encountered e.g. in CDMA and Wide-band CDMA cell-phones. Many power detection circuits, particularly those devised for constant-envelope modulated signals as in GSM, are based on peak detection and provide accurate power measurements for constant envelope or low-crest factor ( ...
DS90CP22.pdf
DS90CP22.pdf

Lab6-AO
Lab6-AO

... DISCUSSION: This program uses a "look-up" table of constant values to generate a sine wave signal. The table was generated from the sine of the angles between 0 and 90 degrees in 5 degree increments. Because the sine wave must reside within a 0 to 5 volt "window", each 90 degree segment of the sine ...
TPA2000D1-Q1 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
TPA2000D1-Q1 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

1200-Series Datasheet
1200-Series Datasheet

... impedance. With bootstrapping, we first create a replica of the common mode signal, and then feed it back appropriately to the inputs to increase the input impedance. Because doing this in a differential amplifier involves additional complications, it is useful to review the bootstrap concept with a ...
Product Data Sheet - Vectron International
Product Data Sheet - Vectron International

... Although ESD protection circuitry has been designed into the VC-707, proper precautions should be taken when handling and mounting, VI employs a Human Body Model and Charged Device Model for ESD susceptibility testing and design evaluation. ESD thresholds are dependent on the circuit parameters used ...
OWNER`S MANUAL
OWNER`S MANUAL

420 Stereo Power Amplifier
420 Stereo Power Amplifier

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Scattering parameters

Scattering parameters or S-parameters (the elements of a scattering matrix or S-matrix) describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks when undergoing various steady state stimuli by electrical signals.The parameters are useful for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and communication systems design, and especially for microwave engineering.The S-parameters are members of a family of similar parameters, other examples being: Y-parameters, Z-parameters, H-parameters, T-parameters or ABCD-parameters. They differ from these, in the sense that S-parameters do not use open or short circuit conditions to characterize a linear electrical network; instead, matched loads are used. These terminations are much easier to use at high signal frequencies than open-circuit and short-circuit terminations. Moreover, the quantities are measured in terms of power.Many electrical properties of networks of components (inductors, capacitors, resistors) may be expressed using S-parameters, such as gain, return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), reflection coefficient and amplifier stability. The term 'scattering' is more common to optical engineering than RF engineering, referring to the effect observed when a plane electromagnetic wave is incident on an obstruction or passes across dissimilar dielectric media. In the context of S-parameters, scattering refers to the way in which the traveling currents and voltages in a transmission line are affected when they meet a discontinuity caused by the insertion of a network into the transmission line. This is equivalent to the wave meeting an impedance differing from the line's characteristic impedance.Although applicable at any frequency, S-parameters are mostly used for networks operating at radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequencies where signal power and energy considerations are more easily quantified than currents and voltages. S-parameters change with the measurement frequency, so frequency must be specified for any S-parameter measurements stated, in addition to the characteristic impedance or system impedance.S-parameters are readily represented in matrix form and obey the rules of matrix algebra.
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