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chapter 4
chapter 4

Classical and Quantum Gases
Classical and Quantum Gases

... – Hence, since the average separation of particles in a gas of density n is ~n-1/3 – If n << nQ , the average separation is greater than  and the gas is classical rather than quantum ...
Atomic Theory electron charge: -1.6 X 10-19C
Atomic Theory electron charge: -1.6 X 10-19C

... electron charge: -1.6 X 10-19 C Still, scientists did not have a clear idea of what the atom looked like. The English researcher, Ernest Rutherford, provided clearer focus when he bombarded a thin sheet of gold foil with alpha rays (beams of helium nuclei). If atoms were uniformly dense, as he expec ...
Energy, Heat, and Work* Oh My*
Energy, Heat, and Work* Oh My*

CHEM 121
CHEM 121

... 32. What is meant by effective nuclear charge? Effective nuclear charge is the apparent nuclear charge exerted on a particular electron, equal to the actual nuclear charge minus the effect of electron repulsions. We often focus on the effective nuclear charge felt by the outermost electron which is ...
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ppt

... respectively (uncertainty principle) this means knowing the momentum of the particle means its ...
Atomic quantum and nuclear
Atomic quantum and nuclear



... luppe, state has a lifetime of 1.4ps, the lower state 3.0 ps. A) What is the fractional uncertainty AEIE in tht energy of the gainma ray? B) What is the percentage spread in wavelength of the gamma ray (Ahlh)? 11. (10) The ground state wave function of Hydrogen atom is ryloo=~~ooe~r'aO . What is the ...
Lecture 14
Lecture 14

... ω = 10.2 eV × 1.6 × 10-19 J/eV / 1.05×10-43 J-s = 1.55 × 10 16 / s f = ω / 2 π = 2.47 × 1015 Hz and λ = c / f = (3 × 108 m/s) / (2.47 × 1015 /s) = 1.2 × 10-7 m, which is much larger than 10-10 m, which is the atomic diameter. In general, electronic transitions in atoms give light that is about 1 μm ...
BEAT_Sheet_for_Atoms_2016_ACA
BEAT_Sheet_for_Atoms_2016_ACA

...  Explain the five parts of Dalton's Atomic Theory and know which parts are still true ...
Ch. 5 Electrons in Atoms
Ch. 5 Electrons in Atoms

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Atomic Structure

... calculated. Although a wave lacks any mass at rest, at times, it behaves as if it has mass. Einstein’s equation was confirmed by experiments done by Arthur Compton in 1922. Collisions between X-rays and electrons confirmed the “mass” of the radiation. ...
Chapter 2 - UCF Chemistry
Chapter 2 - UCF Chemistry

... Bohr Model of the Atom • Bohr’s theory correctly explains the H emission spectrum and those of hydrogenlike ions (He+, Li2+ … 1e− species) • The theory fails for atoms of all other elements because it is not an adequate theory: it doesn’t take into account the fact that the (very small) electron ca ...
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... At the source the electron is being emitted as particle and is experimentally detected as a electron which is absorbed by an individual atom in the fluorescent plate In between, we must interpret the electron in the form of a wave. The double slits change the propagation of the electron wave so that ...


... From introductory texts, you should know basic principles of engines and the manifestations of the laws of thermodynamics. Students should also be able to write and apply partition functions for simple systems. Combined with the thermodynamics covered in typical introductory texts, the first four ch ...
QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND GROUP THEORY(2) M.Sc. DEGREE
QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND GROUP THEORY(2) M.Sc. DEGREE

... To every observable in classical mechanics there corresponds a linear Hermitian operator in quantum mechanics. Any measurable dynamical variable is called an observable. The classical mechanical expressions for these observables can be written in terms of position co ordinates and momentum coordinat ...
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... Wave motion: electron. wave length and nodes 3. Then, from 1 and 2, the energy of the electron is 4. In contrast to Bohr’s quantized – only certain theory – quantization is values of energy. imposed as a postulate. ...
Topic 15
Topic 15

Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics

... Summary (so far) • What is complicated about quantum mechanics: Particles must have (or be) waves. Equations that describe waves are more mathematically complicated than F=ma. But how waves behave is “classical”. If you can understand waves in water or sound, you can understand QM waves. (For examp ...
Lecture-XXIV Quantum Mechanics Expectation values and uncertainty
Lecture-XXIV Quantum Mechanics Expectation values and uncertainty

... This is a commutation relation, and it is interesting because it is a relation between operators, independent of what wave function this acts on. The difference between classical physics and quantum mechanics lies in that physical variables are described by operators and these do not necessarily com ...
PURDUE UNIVERSITY PHYS221 FINAL EXAM
PURDUE UNIVERSITY PHYS221 FINAL EXAM

De Broglie Wavelets versus Schrodinger Wave Functions
De Broglie Wavelets versus Schrodinger Wave Functions

... there is another Schrodinger-type delocalized wave carrier moving at a phase velocity shown to be c2/v. These results agree with earlier beliefs of Einstein who introduced photons as localized lumps of electromagnetic energy, and de Broglie who thought electrons as singular localized wavelets guided ...
Chapter 2 - UCF Chemistry
Chapter 2 - UCF Chemistry

... Bohr Model of the Atom • Bohr’s theory correctly explains the H emission spectrum and those of hydrogenlike ions (He+, Li2+ … 1e− species) • The theory fails for atoms of all other elements because it is not an adequate theory: it doesn’t take into account the fact that the (very small) electron ca ...
Physics: Light 1.a Introduction, Ancient History of theories of light
Physics: Light 1.a Introduction, Ancient History of theories of light

... • Light is comprised of particles. This was the notion put forth by Isaac Newton in his treatise ‘Opticks’. He thought that light was made of a large number of small particles. On the whole it behaved like a wave. • Light is a wave phenomenon. This view was first put forward by Christian Huygens at ...
Quantum and Kala
Quantum and Kala

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Wave–particle duality

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