Revised Higher Human FH2N 12 Immunology and Public Health
... Many pathogens have evolved mechanisms that evade the specific immune system which has consequences for vaccination strategies. Some pathogens can change their antigens avoiding the effect of immunological memory. Antigenic variation occurs in diseases like malaria and trypanosomiasis and is o ...
... Many pathogens have evolved mechanisms that evade the specific immune system which has consequences for vaccination strategies. Some pathogens can change their antigens avoiding the effect of immunological memory. Antigenic variation occurs in diseases like malaria and trypanosomiasis and is o ...
Feline Upper Respiratory Infection Symptoms Sneezing Nasal
... are notorious for dragging out. Stresses such as surgery (usually neutering/spaying), boarding, or introduction of a new feline companion commonly induce a fresh herpes upper respiratory episode about a week following the stressful event and the active virus sheds for another couple of weeks. These ...
... are notorious for dragging out. Stresses such as surgery (usually neutering/spaying), boarding, or introduction of a new feline companion commonly induce a fresh herpes upper respiratory episode about a week following the stressful event and the active virus sheds for another couple of weeks. These ...
Infectious Disease
... chemical called histamine, which causes blood vessels to dilate. In the Inflammatory response, certain types of white blood cells leave the blood vessels and move into nearby tissues. The white blood cells then fight the pathogens. Phagocytosis. You also notice a red area around the cut because of i ...
... chemical called histamine, which causes blood vessels to dilate. In the Inflammatory response, certain types of white blood cells leave the blood vessels and move into nearby tissues. The white blood cells then fight the pathogens. Phagocytosis. You also notice a red area around the cut because of i ...
Swine flu - H1N1
... The H1N1 virus outbreak of 2009 did not result in a significant increase in the number of deaths, nor penetrate the community at a greater rate than seasonal influenza, however people infected with the disease were sicker and more likely to be hospitalised, reported Professor David Smith at the Roya ...
... The H1N1 virus outbreak of 2009 did not result in a significant increase in the number of deaths, nor penetrate the community at a greater rate than seasonal influenza, however people infected with the disease were sicker and more likely to be hospitalised, reported Professor David Smith at the Roya ...
dTpa Fact Sheet
... Diphtheria is a serious communicable bacterial disease that causes severe inflammation of the nose, throat and windpipe (trachea). It is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacteria produce toxins that cause an abnormal membrane to grow in the throat, which can lead to suffocati ...
... Diphtheria is a serious communicable bacterial disease that causes severe inflammation of the nose, throat and windpipe (trachea). It is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacteria produce toxins that cause an abnormal membrane to grow in the throat, which can lead to suffocati ...
Canine Distemper - Woodvale Park Veterinary Hospital
... • Young, especially unvaccinated, animals are more susceptible to infection than are adults ...
... • Young, especially unvaccinated, animals are more susceptible to infection than are adults ...
2421_Ch14.ppt
... Communicable disease - disease which spreads from one host to another (ex. genital herpes) Contagious disease - disease which spreads easily from person to person (ex. chickenpox) Noncommunicable disease - not spread from host to host (eg. opportunistic infections caused by normal flora, or disease ...
... Communicable disease - disease which spreads from one host to another (ex. genital herpes) Contagious disease - disease which spreads easily from person to person (ex. chickenpox) Noncommunicable disease - not spread from host to host (eg. opportunistic infections caused by normal flora, or disease ...
Chapter 21
... Pruritic (itchy) lesions – scratching may lead to serious 2 infections (S. pyogenes and S. aureus) Complications: encephalitis and Reye’s syndrome. After chickenpox, virus can remain latent in nerve cells. Reactivation later shingles = Herpes zoster (characteristic vesicular rash along affected c ...
... Pruritic (itchy) lesions – scratching may lead to serious 2 infections (S. pyogenes and S. aureus) Complications: encephalitis and Reye’s syndrome. After chickenpox, virus can remain latent in nerve cells. Reactivation later shingles = Herpes zoster (characteristic vesicular rash along affected c ...
PAMC Guideline for OUTPATIENT/EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
... PAMC Guideline for OUTPATIENT/EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT Uncomplicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI) This guideline should NOT be used for the following: Infected diabetic ulcers or ulcers secondary to Human or animal bites Bacteremia associated with skin and soft vascular disease tissue infection ...
... PAMC Guideline for OUTPATIENT/EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT Uncomplicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI) This guideline should NOT be used for the following: Infected diabetic ulcers or ulcers secondary to Human or animal bites Bacteremia associated with skin and soft vascular disease tissue infection ...
Chapter 21
... Pruritic (itchy) lesions – scratching may lead to serious 2 infections (S. pyogenes and S. aureus) Complications: encephalitis and Reye’s syndrome. ...
... Pruritic (itchy) lesions – scratching may lead to serious 2 infections (S. pyogenes and S. aureus) Complications: encephalitis and Reye’s syndrome. ...
Chapter Outline
... c. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy F. Vesicular or pustular rash diseases 1. Chickenpox a. Signs and symptoms i. Skin lesions ii. Macules and papules to itchy fluid-filled vesicles iii. Encephalopathy in 0.1% of cases b. Shingles i. Herpes zoster ii. Reactivation of virus in ganglia c. Causative agent i. ...
... c. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy F. Vesicular or pustular rash diseases 1. Chickenpox a. Signs and symptoms i. Skin lesions ii. Macules and papules to itchy fluid-filled vesicles iii. Encephalopathy in 0.1% of cases b. Shingles i. Herpes zoster ii. Reactivation of virus in ganglia c. Causative agent i. ...
C. trachomatis
... Was first isolated from the conjunctiva of a child in Taiwan - TWAR stain. An important cause of bronchitis, pneumonia and sinusitis. Infection is common, especially in adults and transmitted person-to-person by respiratory secretions. ...
... Was first isolated from the conjunctiva of a child in Taiwan - TWAR stain. An important cause of bronchitis, pneumonia and sinusitis. Infection is common, especially in adults and transmitted person-to-person by respiratory secretions. ...
The Immune System
... ▫ An allergic reaction causing the air passageways to narrow therefore restricting breathing. ▫ Can be triggered by respiratory infections, exercise, emotional stress, cold air, dust, pollen, dander, and some medications. ▫ The tendency towards asthma is inherited. ...
... ▫ An allergic reaction causing the air passageways to narrow therefore restricting breathing. ▫ Can be triggered by respiratory infections, exercise, emotional stress, cold air, dust, pollen, dander, and some medications. ▫ The tendency towards asthma is inherited. ...
Dealing with infectious diseases
... for confirmation of the illness. If the illness is an excludable one, parents should be notified that they may not return the child to the centre without a Doctor’s Certificate stating the child is no longer infectious. ...
... for confirmation of the illness. If the illness is an excludable one, parents should be notified that they may not return the child to the centre without a Doctor’s Certificate stating the child is no longer infectious. ...
PICORNAVIRIDAE
... “common cold.” The incubation period is between 1 to 4 days. The illness caused by rhinovirus is mild and typical symptoms include nasal discharge, nasal secretions, sneezing, and sore throat. In more serious cases fever and upper respiratory infection are possible. Illness usually resolves itself w ...
... “common cold.” The incubation period is between 1 to 4 days. The illness caused by rhinovirus is mild and typical symptoms include nasal discharge, nasal secretions, sneezing, and sore throat. In more serious cases fever and upper respiratory infection are possible. Illness usually resolves itself w ...
Slide ()
... Source: Epileptic Encephalopathy, Atlas of Pediatric EEG hemihypsarrhythmia.31 Citation: Laoprasert P. Atlas of Pediatric EEG; 2011 Available at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 05, 2017 Infections are considered to be etiological factors in 10% of patients with infantile spasms (congenital or a ...
... Source: Epileptic Encephalopathy, Atlas of Pediatric EEG hemihypsarrhythmia.31 Citation: Laoprasert P. Atlas of Pediatric EEG; 2011 Available at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 05, 2017 Infections are considered to be etiological factors in 10% of patients with infantile spasms (congenital or a ...
Biological Awareness Risk Assessment
... BSL 2: Practices, equipment and facilities are applicable to clinical diagnostic, teaching and other facilities in which work is done with the broad spectrum of indigenous agents present in the community and associated with human disease of varying severity. This level is appropriate when work is do ...
... BSL 2: Practices, equipment and facilities are applicable to clinical diagnostic, teaching and other facilities in which work is done with the broad spectrum of indigenous agents present in the community and associated with human disease of varying severity. This level is appropriate when work is do ...
How Does the Body Fight Disease? How Does HIV Affect the
... cells move to the thymus, develop as T-cells, and play a major role in carrying out the activities of the immune system. Some T-cells are called Helper T-cells. Other lymphocytes, called Bcells, make antibodies. T-cells guide the immune system response of the body, and some T-cells directly attack t ...
... cells move to the thymus, develop as T-cells, and play a major role in carrying out the activities of the immune system. Some T-cells are called Helper T-cells. Other lymphocytes, called Bcells, make antibodies. T-cells guide the immune system response of the body, and some T-cells directly attack t ...
(MLCM- 201) Prof. Dr. Ebtisam. F. El Ghazzawi.
... communicable, that is, it is spread from person to person via airborne droplets ...
... communicable, that is, it is spread from person to person via airborne droplets ...
10 Chapter 37 Reo Calici
... Crypt cells have different sodium and glucose transport features that lead to fluid loss in the small intestine Diarrhea ensues ...
... Crypt cells have different sodium and glucose transport features that lead to fluid loss in the small intestine Diarrhea ensues ...
Suggested Intervals between Administration of Antibody-Containing Products and Measles-Containing and Varicella-Containing Vaccines (adopted from the ACIP General Recommendations, 2006, Table 4) (PDF)
... persons might not be fully protected against measles during the entire recommended interval, and additional doses of immune globulin or measles vaccine might be indicated after measles exposure. Concentrations of measles antibody in an immune globulin preparation can vary by manufacturer’s lot. Rate ...
... persons might not be fully protected against measles during the entire recommended interval, and additional doses of immune globulin or measles vaccine might be indicated after measles exposure. Concentrations of measles antibody in an immune globulin preparation can vary by manufacturer’s lot. Rate ...
MERS-COV and other viruses transmitted through
... Lab diagnosis: Detection of the viral nucleic acid by PCR,& serology by detection of IgM , and by isolation of the virus from Nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA) by cell culture. Treatment: No specific antiviral treatment. For severe cases, current treatment includes care to support vital organ fun ...
... Lab diagnosis: Detection of the viral nucleic acid by PCR,& serology by detection of IgM , and by isolation of the virus from Nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA) by cell culture. Treatment: No specific antiviral treatment. For severe cases, current treatment includes care to support vital organ fun ...
Chickenpox
Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, feeling tired, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to ten days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, or bacterial infections of the skin among others. The disease is often more severe in adults than children. Symptoms begin ten to twenty one days after exposure to the virus.Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also spread through contact with the blisters. Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. Testing for antibodies may be done to determine if a person is or is not immune. People usually only get the disease once.The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers. For those at increased risk of complications antiviral medication such as aciclovir are recommended.Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. Before routine immunization the number of cases occurring each year was similar to the number of people born. Since immunization the number of infections in the United States has decreased nearly 90%. In 2013 chickenpox resulted in 7,000 deaths globally – down from 8,900 in 1990. Death occurs in about 1 per 60,000 cases. Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. In 1888 its connection to shingles was determined. The first documented use of the term chicken pox was in 1658. Various explanations have been suggested for the use of ""chicken"" in the name, one being the relative mildness of the disease.