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Infectious pancreatic necrosis - Department of Agriculture and Water
Infectious pancreatic necrosis - Department of Agriculture and Water

... The list of similar diseases below refers only to the diseases covered by this field guide. Gross pathological signs may be representative of a number of diseases not included in this guide, which therefore should not be used to provide a definitive diagnosis, but rather as a tool to help identify t ...
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... Prevent Infectious Diseases  Eliminate the source of the bacteria or virus  Throw away spoiled food, drain pond with contaminated water, and quarantine  Handle and dispose of body fluids appropriately  Properly and promptly clean up blood, vomit, or feces  Dispose of body fluid in special cont ...
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... of doctors to wash hands after post-mortems. He theorized that disinfecting hands could prevent transmission of infection. Beginning in 1847, he required all medical students to wash their hands with chlorinated lime before assisting in deliveries. Reduced maternal mortality by 90%. He was ignored a ...
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... Over 2 billion airline passengers in 2006 Potential for faster and farther disease spread than any time before in history Outbreak or epidemic somewhere is only few hours away from being public health threat elsewhere Infectious diseases are emerging more rapidly Since the 1970s, one or more new dis ...
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... passed to pet ferrets by exposure to other ferrets, infected dogs, or raccoons or other wildlife and can be carried into the home on contaminated shoes or clothing. • The incubation period (time from exposure to the virus to symptoms) is 7 to 10 days. • In unvaccinated ferrets, death occurs within 1 ...
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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

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Chickenpox



Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, feeling tired, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to ten days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, or bacterial infections of the skin among others. The disease is often more severe in adults than children. Symptoms begin ten to twenty one days after exposure to the virus.Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also spread through contact with the blisters. Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. Testing for antibodies may be done to determine if a person is or is not immune. People usually only get the disease once.The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers. For those at increased risk of complications antiviral medication such as aciclovir are recommended.Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. Before routine immunization the number of cases occurring each year was similar to the number of people born. Since immunization the number of infections in the United States has decreased nearly 90%. In 2013 chickenpox resulted in 7,000 deaths globally – down from 8,900 in 1990. Death occurs in about 1 per 60,000 cases. Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. In 1888 its connection to shingles was determined. The first documented use of the term chicken pox was in 1658. Various explanations have been suggested for the use of ""chicken"" in the name, one being the relative mildness of the disease.
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