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Immunization PHCL-B
Immunization PHCL-B

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Ch 14 Principles of Disease and Epidemiology
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Rickettsia prowazekii
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... reproduce in the louse gut epithelium. Infection occurs when louse feces are scratched into the skin, inoculated onto mucous membrane or inhaled. As a bioweapon, the agent can be aerosolized, with intent of infection through inhalation. Sporadic cases occur after exposure to flying squirrels, most l ...
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World renowned photographer Anne Geddes launches global

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Introduction to Infection (and Disease Prevention) Directions

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Course Title/Code: Infectious Disease Modelling (MMPH6168

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... bacteria from an infection in another part of your body travel through the bloodstream to your brain and spinal cord. Bacteria can also spread directly to the brain or spine from a severe head injury. Viral meningitis is often caused by common intestinal viruses. The period of time between exposure ...
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TB and Latent TB Infection Fact Sheet

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Vaccine Preventable Diseases

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The role of cattle markets in disease transmission 1 Background

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Hand Foot and Mouth Disease

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Meningococcal disease



Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus). It carries a high mortality rate if untreated but is a vaccine-preventable disease. While best known as a cause of meningitis, widespread blood infection can result in sepsis, which is a more damaging and dangerous condition. Meningitis and meningococcemia are major causes of illness, death, and disability in both developed and under-developed countries.There are approximately 2,600 cases of bacterial meningitis per year in the United States, and on average 333,000 cases in developing countries. The case fatality rate ranges between 10 and 20 percent. The incidence of endemic meningococcal disease during the last 13 years ranges from 1 to 5 per 100,000 in developed countries, and from 10 to 25 per 100,000 in developing countries. During epidemics the incidence of meningococcal disease approaches 100 per 100,000. Meningococcal vaccines have sharply reduced the incidence of the disease in developed countries.The disease's pathogenesis is not fully understood. The pathogen colonises a large number of the general population harmlessly, but in some very small percentage of individuals it can invade the blood stream, and the entire body but notably limbs and brain, causing serious illness. Over the past few years, experts have made an intensive effort to understand specific aspects of meningococcal biology and host interactions, however the development of improved treatments and effective vaccines is expected to depend on novel efforts by workers in many different fields.While meningococcal disease is not as contagious as the common cold (which is spread through casual contact), it can be transmitted through saliva and occasionally through close, prolonged general contact with an infected person.
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