A Dialogue Between Contemporary
... and general effects of all these entities at any time in the past or future.”10 As such, all of reality could be calculated, easily enough, were one to simply possess a sufficient mind that had the appropriate knowledge. Just a moment’s observation or brief time-delayed snapshot of the universe woul ...
... and general effects of all these entities at any time in the past or future.”10 As such, all of reality could be calculated, easily enough, were one to simply possess a sufficient mind that had the appropriate knowledge. Just a moment’s observation or brief time-delayed snapshot of the universe woul ...
Automated Design of Quantum Circuits - vlsicad page
... discrete entity. An important complication enters when we wish to allow topologies to have different sizes, i.e. numbers of gates, which we would prefer to leave unspecified when automating circuit design, leaving the algorithm to find the appropriate size. The second is the assignment of angle valu ...
... discrete entity. An important complication enters when we wish to allow topologies to have different sizes, i.e. numbers of gates, which we would prefer to leave unspecified when automating circuit design, leaving the algorithm to find the appropriate size. The second is the assignment of angle valu ...
5 Path Integrals in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory
... problems in Quantum Field Theory. In this chapter we will use path integrals only for bosonic systems, such as scalar and abelian gauge fields. In subsequent chapters we will also give a full treatment of the path integral, including its applications to fermionic fields, abelian and non-abelian gaug ...
... problems in Quantum Field Theory. In this chapter we will use path integrals only for bosonic systems, such as scalar and abelian gauge fields. In subsequent chapters we will also give a full treatment of the path integral, including its applications to fermionic fields, abelian and non-abelian gaug ...
Security & Cryptography
... Server authentication (almost always). Sets up secure channel between client and server. Client authentication over secure transport layer channel. ...
... Server authentication (almost always). Sets up secure channel between client and server. Client authentication over secure transport layer channel. ...
progress in quantum foundations - Department of Computer Science
... human constructions is flawed; we only obtain an approximate truth, based upon defective axioms and unreliable reasoning. It is unclear whether there even is such a thing as objective truth. Indeed, a timeless, unquestionable reality independent of perspective may be a fallacy. Even if such a thing ...
... human constructions is flawed; we only obtain an approximate truth, based upon defective axioms and unreliable reasoning. It is unclear whether there even is such a thing as objective truth. Indeed, a timeless, unquestionable reality independent of perspective may be a fallacy. Even if such a thing ...
Topological order at finite temperature?
... the only local operator which has non-vanishing correlation functions is the identity ⇒ any local perturbations, such as the environment, cannot have non-trivial matrix elements between different ground states ...
... the only local operator which has non-vanishing correlation functions is the identity ⇒ any local perturbations, such as the environment, cannot have non-trivial matrix elements between different ground states ...
Dephasing and the Orthogonality Catastrophe in Tunneling through a Quantum... The “Which Path?” Interferometer
... arm of the ring [2,3]. These experiments were the first to demonstrate the coherent propagation of electrons through a quantum dot. The observation of phase coherence in transport through a QD presents an opportunity to study the origins of decoherence in mesoscopic structures. Recent work in atomic ...
... arm of the ring [2,3]. These experiments were the first to demonstrate the coherent propagation of electrons through a quantum dot. The observation of phase coherence in transport through a QD presents an opportunity to study the origins of decoherence in mesoscopic structures. Recent work in atomic ...
Forward and backward time observables for quantum evolution and
... A Theorem analogous to Theorem 1 holds for TB for negative times. The reader is referred to Theorem 2 in Section 2. Considering the existence of distinct time observables for forward and backward evolution and the a priori time asymmetry existing in the formalism from which they arise, one may natur ...
... A Theorem analogous to Theorem 1 holds for TB for negative times. The reader is referred to Theorem 2 in Section 2. Considering the existence of distinct time observables for forward and backward evolution and the a priori time asymmetry existing in the formalism from which they arise, one may natur ...
Spectral Analysis of Nonrelativistic Quantum Electrodynamics
... (2.) Resonances. To develop an appropriate framework for a theory of resonances of Hg , to apply this theory to Hg , and to prove that the embedded excited energies turn into resonances with corresponding metastable states of finite life-time. → See theorems 4.3 and 4.5, below. ...
... (2.) Resonances. To develop an appropriate framework for a theory of resonances of Hg , to apply this theory to Hg , and to prove that the embedded excited energies turn into resonances with corresponding metastable states of finite life-time. → See theorems 4.3 and 4.5, below. ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.