to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... The regulation of sleep-wakefulness cycling within the context of circadian and environmental influences is critical for the efficient maintenance of energy homeostasis. In mammals, the sleep-wakefulness cycle can be divided into periods of waking, non-rapid-eye-movement (non-REM), and rapid-eye-mov ...
... The regulation of sleep-wakefulness cycling within the context of circadian and environmental influences is critical for the efficient maintenance of energy homeostasis. In mammals, the sleep-wakefulness cycle can be divided into periods of waking, non-rapid-eye-movement (non-REM), and rapid-eye-mov ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... in the maintenance ofwaking, the neurotransmitter identity ofneurons fulfilling this role was not known. Here using c-Fos, we show that Orexin (Orx) neurons are active during waking. On the other hand, we show that co-distributed cells containing melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are more active d ...
... in the maintenance ofwaking, the neurotransmitter identity ofneurons fulfilling this role was not known. Here using c-Fos, we show that Orexin (Orx) neurons are active during waking. On the other hand, we show that co-distributed cells containing melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are more active d ...
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... hypoactivity for a variety of stimuli, including one’s own and others’ faces, as well as non-face objects. This suggests a model of distorted visual processing in which details are not contextualized or integrated into a whole percept. This may be associated with patients’ propensity to focus on det ...
... hypoactivity for a variety of stimuli, including one’s own and others’ faces, as well as non-face objects. This suggests a model of distorted visual processing in which details are not contextualized or integrated into a whole percept. This may be associated with patients’ propensity to focus on det ...
PathoLOGIC Hgh Deficiency and Somatopause
... • This effect usually resolves after a few days – Some people “just don’t feel good” – Others: well rested, bright eyed and bushy ...
... • This effect usually resolves after a few days – Some people “just don’t feel good” – Others: well rested, bright eyed and bushy ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... imately 90% of patients with narcolepsy show decreased orexin-A levels in the cerebrospinal fluid [20]. Narcolepsy is a common sleep disorder characterized by a primary disorganization of behavioral states. This disorder affects approximately 1 in 2000 individuals in the United States. Most cases of ...
... imately 90% of patients with narcolepsy show decreased orexin-A levels in the cerebrospinal fluid [20]. Narcolepsy is a common sleep disorder characterized by a primary disorganization of behavioral states. This disorder affects approximately 1 in 2000 individuals in the United States. Most cases of ...
Bleeding Diathesis – Dr Koplolovich
... Practices reported that dabigatran was responsible for more serious adverse events then 98.7% of all medications” Moore et al., Signals for two newly approved drugs and 2010 annual summary. ●Closed space bleeding is a large concern for ED physicians -Pericardial, ICH, Intraspinal -Medical, Surgical ...
... Practices reported that dabigatran was responsible for more serious adverse events then 98.7% of all medications” Moore et al., Signals for two newly approved drugs and 2010 annual summary. ●Closed space bleeding is a large concern for ED physicians -Pericardial, ICH, Intraspinal -Medical, Surgical ...
Bipolar Disorder
... with the resulting symptoms. Abnormalities in the frontosubcortical circuit, especially in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, may explain the attention impairment observed in manic patients (Sax et al., 1999). Reduced neuronal and glial density and glial hypertrophy have been identified in t ...
... with the resulting symptoms. Abnormalities in the frontosubcortical circuit, especially in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, may explain the attention impairment observed in manic patients (Sax et al., 1999). Reduced neuronal and glial density and glial hypertrophy have been identified in t ...
Can mechanistic explanation be reconciled with
... boundaries. Rather, scientists propose mechanisms as they develop mechanistic explanations. That is, they hypothesize that entities are organized together as parts of a mechanism and through their coordinated operations produce the phenomenon. It is the scientists who impose boundaries around entiti ...
... boundaries. Rather, scientists propose mechanisms as they develop mechanistic explanations. That is, they hypothesize that entities are organized together as parts of a mechanism and through their coordinated operations produce the phenomenon. It is the scientists who impose boundaries around entiti ...
Study Objectives
... 12. Identify and discuss contributing factors or possible causes for obesity in our culture. 13. Identify and summarize examples of the main approaches to obesity treatment. 14. Identify and describe a mouse genetic model of obesity. What has this model contributed to understanding the genetics of o ...
... 12. Identify and discuss contributing factors or possible causes for obesity in our culture. 13. Identify and summarize examples of the main approaches to obesity treatment. 14. Identify and describe a mouse genetic model of obesity. What has this model contributed to understanding the genetics of o ...
cysview - Photocure
... been reported following administration of Cysview [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Prior to and during use of the Cysview, have trained personnel and therapies available for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The safety of repetitive Cysview exposures has not been evaluated. ...
... been reported following administration of Cysview [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Prior to and during use of the Cysview, have trained personnel and therapies available for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The safety of repetitive Cysview exposures has not been evaluated. ...
indirect projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to major
... IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CIRCADIAN CONTROL OF BEHAVIOURAL STATE S. DEURVEILHER AND K. SEMBA* ...
... IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CIRCADIAN CONTROL OF BEHAVIOURAL STATE S. DEURVEILHER AND K. SEMBA* ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... anti-cleaved caspase-3 primary antibody (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Specificity was confirmed with nonincubation with caspase-3 blocking peptide (Asp175; Cell Signaling Technology). Noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, orexinergic, and histaminergic wake neuro ...
... anti-cleaved caspase-3 primary antibody (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Specificity was confirmed with nonincubation with caspase-3 blocking peptide (Asp175; Cell Signaling Technology). Noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, orexinergic, and histaminergic wake neuro ...
Kimchi terkel seeing and not seeing current opinion in neuro 2002
... activity rather than activity entrained to a specific time of day. This is indeed true for some subterranean species (Amblysomus hottentotus [9]; Cryptomys hottentous [10]); whereas circadian activity occurs in others (Spalax ehrenbergi [11]; Hetrocephalus glaber [12]; Georychus capensis [13]). How ...
... activity rather than activity entrained to a specific time of day. This is indeed true for some subterranean species (Amblysomus hottentotus [9]; Cryptomys hottentous [10]); whereas circadian activity occurs in others (Spalax ehrenbergi [11]; Hetrocephalus glaber [12]; Georychus capensis [13]). How ...
Institutionen för medicinsk teknik - IMT Master's Program Biomedical Engineering
... precise guidelines, such as the American Association for Sleep Scoring (AASS) guideline. According to the criteria illustrated in the AASS guideline, the EEG data are segmented into 30-seconds epochs and then each epoch is inspected, to mark the sleep stage either as awake (W), REM (rapid-eye-moveme ...
... precise guidelines, such as the American Association for Sleep Scoring (AASS) guideline. According to the criteria illustrated in the AASS guideline, the EEG data are segmented into 30-seconds epochs and then each epoch is inspected, to mark the sleep stage either as awake (W), REM (rapid-eye-moveme ...
Alertness and feeding behaviors in ADHD: Does the hypocretin
... they might be useful to both increase alertness and reduce abnormal feeding behaviors. Thus, the use of just one molecule would allow to manage at the same time two impairing conditions for ADHD patients. It is also well-known that the antagonists of the autoinhibitory histamine 3 receptor (H3R) p ...
... they might be useful to both increase alertness and reduce abnormal feeding behaviors. Thus, the use of just one molecule would allow to manage at the same time two impairing conditions for ADHD patients. It is also well-known that the antagonists of the autoinhibitory histamine 3 receptor (H3R) p ...
Sleep and sleep states: Thalamic regulation
... 7–14 Hz oscillations, organized within a waxingand-waning envelope, that recur periodically every 10–20 s. In cats and rodents, spindle waves of similar characteristics appear during slow-wave sleep and are typically more prominent at sleep onset. They are enhanced by some anesthetics, such as barbi ...
... 7–14 Hz oscillations, organized within a waxingand-waning envelope, that recur periodically every 10–20 s. In cats and rodents, spindle waves of similar characteristics appear during slow-wave sleep and are typically more prominent at sleep onset. They are enhanced by some anesthetics, such as barbi ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Under day/night conditions the pacemaker is entrained by light or other cyclic environmental cues (so-called Zeitgebers) and produces oscillations with 24 h period. Circadian information generated by the pacemaker is delivered to other brain regio ...
... in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Under day/night conditions the pacemaker is entrained by light or other cyclic environmental cues (so-called Zeitgebers) and produces oscillations with 24 h period. Circadian information generated by the pacemaker is delivered to other brain regio ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Causes of Hypothalamic Disorders There are quite a few factors that can cause hypothalamic disorders. For instance, excessive dietary iron in the diet can trigger this problem. Some of the culprits behind hypothalamic dysfunction are given below: 1-Malnutrition When the body is deprived of essential ...
... Causes of Hypothalamic Disorders There are quite a few factors that can cause hypothalamic disorders. For instance, excessive dietary iron in the diet can trigger this problem. Some of the culprits behind hypothalamic dysfunction are given below: 1-Malnutrition When the body is deprived of essential ...
growth hormone releasing hormone
... Central part of neuroendocrine regulation is hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex. Structural components of this complex are neurosecretory cells grouped into secretory nuclei located around the third ventricle. These secrete neuropeptides into portal blood connecting hypothalamus with adenopituitary. Th ...
... Central part of neuroendocrine regulation is hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex. Structural components of this complex are neurosecretory cells grouped into secretory nuclei located around the third ventricle. These secrete neuropeptides into portal blood connecting hypothalamus with adenopituitary. Th ...
File
... a) No. The most likely explanation is that the SCN does not control the circadian rhythm in hamsters. b) Yes. The data from 80% of the hamsters are very consistent. In the other 20%, the transplanted SCN may not have established functional connections with the recipient's brain. c) No. A failure rat ...
... a) No. The most likely explanation is that the SCN does not control the circadian rhythm in hamsters. b) Yes. The data from 80% of the hamsters are very consistent. In the other 20%, the transplanted SCN may not have established functional connections with the recipient's brain. c) No. A failure rat ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... of wakefulness. The possibility was considered that a background of maintained activity within this ascending brain stem activating system may account for wakefulness, while reduction of its activity either naturally, by barbiturates or by experimental injury and disease, may respectively precipitat ...
... of wakefulness. The possibility was considered that a background of maintained activity within this ascending brain stem activating system may account for wakefulness, while reduction of its activity either naturally, by barbiturates or by experimental injury and disease, may respectively precipitat ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... mammalian endogeneous timekeeper. 1) This nucleus receive afferents directly (retinohypothalamic tract) and indirectly (via the LGN) from the retina in order to synchronize otherwise free-running circadian rhythms with the day-night cycle. 2) Lesions of the SCN typically alter only the temporal orga ...
... mammalian endogeneous timekeeper. 1) This nucleus receive afferents directly (retinohypothalamic tract) and indirectly (via the LGN) from the retina in order to synchronize otherwise free-running circadian rhythms with the day-night cycle. 2) Lesions of the SCN typically alter only the temporal orga ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... neurocrine and cardiovascular function.16 Their wide projection in the brain17 and their interaction with autonomic, neuroendocrine, and neuroregulatory systems18-25 strongly suggest they act as neuromodulators in a wide array of neural circuitry. They also have been implicated in the modulation of ...
... neurocrine and cardiovascular function.16 Their wide projection in the brain17 and their interaction with autonomic, neuroendocrine, and neuroregulatory systems18-25 strongly suggest they act as neuromodulators in a wide array of neural circuitry. They also have been implicated in the modulation of ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada Abstract: Sleep mentation studies infer that pain sensation in humans may be reduced during active REM sleep. However, to provide a mechanistic explanation fo ...
... Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada Abstract: Sleep mentation studies infer that pain sensation in humans may be reduced during active REM sleep. However, to provide a mechanistic explanation fo ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... We have already noted that sudden or intense sensory stimulation from any modality can activate the waking mechanisms through brainstem and olfactory systems – adding activation beyond the basic ACh activation. But, most of us do not always continue sleeping until something awakens us. We have natur ...
... We have already noted that sudden or intense sensory stimulation from any modality can activate the waking mechanisms through brainstem and olfactory systems – adding activation beyond the basic ACh activation. But, most of us do not always continue sleeping until something awakens us. We have natur ...