Penelitian biologi molekular
... • DNA easier to obtain and handle (relatively stable) • RNA has advantages over DNA, but is more difficult to obtain and handle • RT-PCR is more suitable for gene with many exons • Only RT-PCR can reliably detect aberrant splicing – Sometimes hard to predict from a DNA sequence change – May be cau ...
... • DNA easier to obtain and handle (relatively stable) • RNA has advantages over DNA, but is more difficult to obtain and handle • RT-PCR is more suitable for gene with many exons • Only RT-PCR can reliably detect aberrant splicing – Sometimes hard to predict from a DNA sequence change – May be cau ...
Gene splicing
... then curls around to form a lariat shape. which is removed from the maturing RNA. ...
... then curls around to form a lariat shape. which is removed from the maturing RNA. ...
Assay Standards Working Group Recommendations, November 2012
... In order to ensure that the data are reproducible, experiments should be performed with two or more biological replicates, unless there is a compelling reason indicating that this is impractical or wasteful (e.g. overlapping time points with high temporal resolution). A biological replicate is defin ...
... In order to ensure that the data are reproducible, experiments should be performed with two or more biological replicates, unless there is a compelling reason indicating that this is impractical or wasteful (e.g. overlapping time points with high temporal resolution). A biological replicate is defin ...
Chapter Nine Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information
... • in standard B-DNA, each base rotated by 32° compared to the next and, while this is perfect for maximum base pairing, it is not optimal for maximum overlap of bases; in addition, bases exposed to the minor groove come in contact with water • many bases adopt a propeller-twist in which base pairing ...
... • in standard B-DNA, each base rotated by 32° compared to the next and, while this is perfect for maximum base pairing, it is not optimal for maximum overlap of bases; in addition, bases exposed to the minor groove come in contact with water • many bases adopt a propeller-twist in which base pairing ...
Document
... genes (housekeeping genes). Examples include protein synthesis and glucose metabolism. All genes are regulated at some level, so that as resources dwindle the cell can respond with a different molecular strategy. Prokaryotic genes are often organized into operons that are cotranscribed. A regulatory ...
... genes (housekeeping genes). Examples include protein synthesis and glucose metabolism. All genes are regulated at some level, so that as resources dwindle the cell can respond with a different molecular strategy. Prokaryotic genes are often organized into operons that are cotranscribed. A regulatory ...
Genomic analysis of gene expression Basics of
... binding activities, at the molecular level. Examples of broad functional terms are catalytic activity, transporter activity, or binding; examples of narrower functional terms are adenylate cyclase activity or Toll receptor binding. Biological process: A biological process is accomplished by one or m ...
... binding activities, at the molecular level. Examples of broad functional terms are catalytic activity, transporter activity, or binding; examples of narrower functional terms are adenylate cyclase activity or Toll receptor binding. Biological process: A biological process is accomplished by one or m ...
Name
... 33-37. Label where you would find each of the following. If it’s both inside and outside the nucleus, show an arrow coming out of the nucleus. □ DNA □ ribosomes □ mRNA □ tRNA □ amino acids ...
... 33-37. Label where you would find each of the following. If it’s both inside and outside the nucleus, show an arrow coming out of the nucleus. □ DNA □ ribosomes □ mRNA □ tRNA □ amino acids ...
Genetics = science of heredity - Suffolk County Community College
... cut out the introns and splice together the exons to form mRNA that can be used for translation ...
... cut out the introns and splice together the exons to form mRNA that can be used for translation ...
Prokaryotic Gene Expression
... • Composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins – DNA or RNA – Coat proteins – Viral enzymes (e.g. reverse transcriptase) • Do not carry out metabolism – obligate intracellular parasites • Reproduce only in living cells – use host cell’s transcription/translation machinery – often integrate into hos ...
... • Composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins – DNA or RNA – Coat proteins – Viral enzymes (e.g. reverse transcriptase) • Do not carry out metabolism – obligate intracellular parasites • Reproduce only in living cells – use host cell’s transcription/translation machinery – often integrate into hos ...
Slide 1
... binding of a repressor to the operator shuts off transcription The trp operon is a repressible operon An inducible operon is one that is usually off; a molecule called an inducer inactivates the repressor and turns on transcription ...
... binding of a repressor to the operator shuts off transcription The trp operon is a repressible operon An inducible operon is one that is usually off; a molecule called an inducer inactivates the repressor and turns on transcription ...
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA
... The regulation of gene expression is achieved through the interaction of several levels of control including the regulation of transcription initiation. Most (not all) eukaryote possess robust methods of regulating transcription initiation on a gene-by-gene basis. The transcription of a gene can be ...
... The regulation of gene expression is achieved through the interaction of several levels of control including the regulation of transcription initiation. Most (not all) eukaryote possess robust methods of regulating transcription initiation on a gene-by-gene basis. The transcription of a gene can be ...
What does DNA do?
... ___ 3) Follow the base pair rule to fill in the missing base pairs for each strand. ___ 4) Compare your strands. Are they similar? What have you done? Where did this process take place in the cell? Why is this process important? They are identical copies of each other (mirror images). This process t ...
... ___ 3) Follow the base pair rule to fill in the missing base pairs for each strand. ___ 4) Compare your strands. Are they similar? What have you done? Where did this process take place in the cell? Why is this process important? They are identical copies of each other (mirror images). This process t ...
Chapter 16 DNA: The Genetic Material The Nature of Genetic
... Telomerase makes telomeres • Telomeres are short repeating DNA sequences made by Telomerase – Uses internal RNA as template ...
... Telomerase makes telomeres • Telomeres are short repeating DNA sequences made by Telomerase – Uses internal RNA as template ...
Bis2A 9.0 Introduction to Gene Regulation
... response to changes in cellular or external factors. This biology is important for understanding how cells adjust changing environments, including how some cells decide to become specialized for certain functions (e.g. tissues) in a multicellular organism. ...
... response to changes in cellular or external factors. This biology is important for understanding how cells adjust changing environments, including how some cells decide to become specialized for certain functions (e.g. tissues) in a multicellular organism. ...
Translation
... ii. elongation (codon recognition, peptide bond formation and translocation) iii. termination ...
... ii. elongation (codon recognition, peptide bond formation and translocation) iii. termination ...
mRNA
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard
... • Some codons do not code for amino acids; they provide instructions for making the protein. • More than one codon can code for the same amino acid. • However, for any one codon, there can be only one amino acid. ...
... • Some codons do not code for amino acids; they provide instructions for making the protein. • More than one codon can code for the same amino acid. • However, for any one codon, there can be only one amino acid. ...
Biology Notebook
... affect other viruses. They are only made of the protein coat (capsid) of the virus. It “tells” the genetic sequence of the virus, to the cells of the organism that is infected. Antibiotics cannot destroy viruses, because viruses are metabolically inert, they aren’t alive. They were discovered by ...
... affect other viruses. They are only made of the protein coat (capsid) of the virus. It “tells” the genetic sequence of the virus, to the cells of the organism that is infected. Antibiotics cannot destroy viruses, because viruses are metabolically inert, they aren’t alive. They were discovered by ...
The Major Transitions in Evolution
... Origin of eukaryotic miRNA machinery • Comparative genomic analysis shows that the protein machinery of RNAi is conserved in all major eukaryotic lineages, independent loss in many unicellular forms notwithstanding. • It appears most likely that LECA possessed relatively complex RNAi machinery. At ...
... Origin of eukaryotic miRNA machinery • Comparative genomic analysis shows that the protein machinery of RNAi is conserved in all major eukaryotic lineages, independent loss in many unicellular forms notwithstanding. • It appears most likely that LECA possessed relatively complex RNAi machinery. At ...
Name
... A) uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. B) occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the DNA molecule. C) begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments. D) results in the formation of four new DNA strands. E) produces tw ...
... A) uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. B) occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the DNA molecule. C) begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments. D) results in the formation of four new DNA strands. E) produces tw ...
HighThroughput
... Because each cycle of PCR requires the denaturization step the number of PCR cycles is under experimental control. Hence, the quantity of PCR product at the end of some number of cycles can be used to estimate the initial quantity. The estimate is usually improved by also amplifying a "control" prod ...
... Because each cycle of PCR requires the denaturization step the number of PCR cycles is under experimental control. Hence, the quantity of PCR product at the end of some number of cycles can be used to estimate the initial quantity. The estimate is usually improved by also amplifying a "control" prod ...
DNA RNA ppt
... 2. Primase starts replication 3. DNA polymerase “polymerizes” the individual nucleotides & proof-reads the new DNA ...
... 2. Primase starts replication 3. DNA polymerase “polymerizes” the individual nucleotides & proof-reads the new DNA ...
Small-Subunit Ribosomal RNA Sequence from
... the CZaI site in the 18S-28s spacer region (Clark and Cross 1987). All secondarystructure elements conserved among other eukaryotic small-subunit rRNAs were also found in the NaegZeria sequence. The size of this amoeba’s 18s rRNA is greater by -200 bases than those of many other eukaryotes, although ...
... the CZaI site in the 18S-28s spacer region (Clark and Cross 1987). All secondarystructure elements conserved among other eukaryotic small-subunit rRNAs were also found in the NaegZeria sequence. The size of this amoeba’s 18s rRNA is greater by -200 bases than those of many other eukaryotes, although ...
DNA TRIPLEX Triplex structures are characterized by a single
... purine-motif (Pu) has the opposite orientation and a primarily A- or G-rich third strand. Both types of triplexes utilize Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding between their third strands and purines in their duplex acceptors. The primary base triplets of Py triplexes are T•A•T and C•G•C+, while the base tripl ...
... purine-motif (Pu) has the opposite orientation and a primarily A- or G-rich third strand. Both types of triplexes utilize Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding between their third strands and purines in their duplex acceptors. The primary base triplets of Py triplexes are T•A•T and C•G•C+, while the base tripl ...
Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Less-frequently used synonyms are non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA), non-messenger RNA (nmRNA) and functional RNA (fRNA). The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene.Non-coding RNA genes include highly abundant and functionally important RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, and piRNAs and the long ncRNAs that include examples such as Xist and HOTAIR (see here for a more complete list of ncRNAs). The number of ncRNAs encoded within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest the existence of thousands of ncRNAs., but see Since many of the newly identified ncRNAs have not been validated for their function, it is possible that many are non-functional. It is also likely that many ncRNAs are non functional (sometimes referred to as Junk RNA), and are the product of spurious transcription.