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classification of functional components of cranial nerves
classification of functional components of cranial nerves

... postganglionic neuron ...
24. para.lymph1242010-10-01 03:411.5 MB
24. para.lymph1242010-10-01 03:411.5 MB

... parotid gland. They receive lymph from a strip of the scalp above the parotid salivary gland; lateral surface of the auricle; anterior wall of the external auditory meatus and lateral parts of the eyelids. Also, the nodes that are deeply placed in the gland, receive lymph from the middle ear. ...
A.) Oral Phase - WordPress.com
A.) Oral Phase - WordPress.com

... right ventricle and explain the clinical aspects of right sided failure. The right atrium receives venous, oxygen-poor blood, from the systemic circulation via the superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC), and (posteriorly) the coronary sinus. The pectinate muscles extend from the crista t ...
Anatomy of the Digestive System
Anatomy of the Digestive System

... 2. The anterior two thirds of the surface of the tongue is covered with papillae that give it a rough texture. Some of the papillae contain taste buds. The posterior one third of the tongue does not have papillae and has only a few taste buds. 3. The frenulum is a mucous membrane that attaches the t ...
Supp-BDS 101
Supp-BDS 101

... Select the best answer for each question: (2x5=10) Medial pterygoid muscle causes following action at TM joint: a) Depression b) Retraction c) Side to side movement d) Elevation ii) Nasolacrimal duct opens in: a) Inferior meatus b) Superior meatus c) Middle meatus d) Spheno ethmoidal recess iii) Ner ...
Sample MCQs and EMQs
Sample MCQs and EMQs

... • Incision is usually two finger breaths below mandible to ...
The accessory nerve XI
The accessory nerve XI

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Oral embryology, histology and anatomy
Oral embryology, histology and anatomy

... and act as cushion against mechanical forces. The deepest layer of these cells is known as the basal layer and is attached to the basal lamina. The oral cavity is kept lubricated by mucus secretions from the major and minor salivary glands; this epithelium is sometimes termed mucous membrane. There ...
Module 38 / Gross Anatomy and the Upper Respiratory
Module 38 / Gross Anatomy and the Upper Respiratory

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Reconstruction of the Oral Cavity February 2003
Reconstruction of the Oral Cavity February 2003

... avoided anteriorly, as excessive bulk in this area may cause glossoptosis and/or obliteration of the lower lip sulcus with resultant oral incontinence. There are many options for reconstructing the floor of mouth, and the tissue used will depend on the size and extent of the defect. Smaller defects ...
Taste Bud and Its Function
Taste Bud and Its Function

... in the apical membranes of the taste cells, thereby activating the receptors. However, for the sweet and bitter taste sensations,the portions of the receptor protein molecules that protrude through the apical membranes activate second-messenger transmitter substances inside the taste cells, and thes ...
Embryology Review (from Ida) - U
Embryology Review (from Ida) - U

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1. Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord

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Pharyngeal lymphatic ring: anatomical review

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THE PHARYNX
THE PHARYNX

... venous plexus which like the nerve plexus is situated at the back of the middle constrictor; it drains to the pterygoid plexus or directly into the internal jugular vein. From the lowest part blood finds its way to the inferior thyroid veins.  Lymph drainage  Lymph passes to retropharyngeal lymph ...
Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back

... and moving the tongue. Under anesthesia, the tongue can relax and partially or fully block the airway, and the muscles of respiration may not move the diaphragm or chest wall. To avoid possible complications, the safest procedure to use on a patient is called endotracheal intubation. Placing a tube ...
Physiology of Swallowing Disorders
Physiology of Swallowing Disorders

... (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) cranial nerves. The swallow is primarily controlled in the brainstem where the swallow stimulus is identified and sending this information to the nucleus ambiguous, which initiates the pharyngeal swallow action. Information from the swallowing center then ...
Cranial nerves - Univerzita Karlova
Cranial nerves - Univerzita Karlova

... (C8-Th1) – spinal nerve – r. communicans albus of the cervical sympathetic ganglion – superior cervical ganglion – internal carotid plexus – sympathetic fiber through ganglion ciliare to dilator pupillae. Radix sensitiva – from eyeball through ciliary ganglion (communicating branch of ganglion cilia ...
Pharynx - mcstmf
Pharynx - mcstmf

...  The ethmoidal sinuses are anterior, middle, and posterior and they are contained within the ethmoid bone between the nose and the orbit.  They are separated from the latter by a thin plate of bone so that infection can readily spread from the sinuses into the orbit.  The anterior sinuses open in ...
L05 and L06 - Superficial Back Muscles and Posterior Shoulder with
L05 and L06 - Superficial Back Muscles and Posterior Shoulder with

... – Deep muscles: intrinsic and move the head and the trunk, acting on the spine as principle extensors in lateral flexion and rotation spanning from the pelvis to the skull base  Epaxial differentiation  Innervated by dorsal sensory root which split into dorsal rami – Movements rarely involve a sin ...
answers
answers

... B. GVA and provided by the Internal Laryngeal nerve C. GSA and provided by the Recurrent Laryngeal nerve D. GSA and provided by the Internal Laryngeal nerve E. GVA and provided by the External Laryngeal nerve 23. __D___ The sublingual salivary glands A. are located in the floor of the mouth between ...
questions
questions

... B. GVA and provided by the Internal Laryngeal nerve C. GSA and provided by the Recurrent Laryngeal nerve D. GSA and provided by the Internal Laryngeal nerve E. GVA and provided by the External Laryngeal nerve 23. ______ The sublingual salivary glands A. are located in the floor of the mouth between ...
The trigeminal nerve Ophthalmic division Maxillary division
The trigeminal nerve Ophthalmic division Maxillary division

... recurrent branch supplies the anterior cranial fossa and the tentorium cerebelli (meningeal fold above the posterior cranial fossa) It divides into the following branches 1. Frontal nerve – goes through the top of the orbit and divides into the supra orbital and supra trochlea nerves. Both supply th ...
Cranial Nerve Anatomy
Cranial Nerve Anatomy

... affecting the facial nerve, associated with muscle paralysis and loss of sensory modalities. Pain is experienced in the distribution of the nerve. Describe the motor pathway of the facial nerve from the brainstem to its point of action. State and briefly explain the symptoms of the syndrome. • From ...
View PDF - OMICS International
View PDF - OMICS International

... constrictor muscle and suggested that it enables a smooth transition from the lingual stage to the pharyngeal stage during ingestion [10]. Bosma and Leaper have conducted anatomical studies on the constrictor muscles to ascertain their morphologic properties [11,12]. Sakamoto attempted to classify t ...
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Tongue



The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste (gustation), as much of its upper surface is covered in taste buds. The tongue's upper surface is also covered in numerous lingual papillae. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels. In humans a secondary function of the tongue is phonetic articulation. The tongue also serves as a natural means of cleaning one's teeth. The ability to perceive different tastes is not localised in different parts of the tongue, as is widely believed. This error arose because of misinterpretation of some 19th-century research (see tongue map).
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