Possible new intranuclear symbionts of Paramecium caudatum
... (Görtz, 1980) According to our data, N. macronucleata is also a representative of a-Proteobacteria (Vishnyakov and Rautian, 1999). Nevertheless, there are some differences between symbionts from two populations as well as between both of them and N. macronucleata. Some bacteria cells from 97KM3–23 a ...
... (Görtz, 1980) According to our data, N. macronucleata is also a representative of a-Proteobacteria (Vishnyakov and Rautian, 1999). Nevertheless, there are some differences between symbionts from two populations as well as between both of them and N. macronucleata. Some bacteria cells from 97KM3–23 a ...
Bacteria
... they need to grow and reproduce themselves. One cell divides into 2 ‘daughter’ cells. Viruses are moochers- they only contain limited genetic information. They invade a cell and hijack its machinery to turn it into a VIRUS FACTORY! ...
... they need to grow and reproduce themselves. One cell divides into 2 ‘daughter’ cells. Viruses are moochers- they only contain limited genetic information. They invade a cell and hijack its machinery to turn it into a VIRUS FACTORY! ...
Innate imunity, malaria and Burikitt’s lymphoma
... Two distinct pathways control the inducible synthesis of antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila adult flies. The Toll receptor is activated by the cysteine-knot growth factor Spaetzle (Spz). The activated Toll receptor triggers phosphorylation of the inhibitory protein Cactus though the intermediates ...
... Two distinct pathways control the inducible synthesis of antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila adult flies. The Toll receptor is activated by the cysteine-knot growth factor Spaetzle (Spz). The activated Toll receptor triggers phosphorylation of the inhibitory protein Cactus though the intermediates ...
CHAPTER 11 CELL COMMUNICATION
... The process involves three stages: reception, transduction, and response. In reception, a chemical signal binds to a cellular protein, typically at the cell’s surface or inside the cell. In transduction, binding leads to a change in the receptor that triggers a series of changes in a series of d ...
... The process involves three stages: reception, transduction, and response. In reception, a chemical signal binds to a cellular protein, typically at the cell’s surface or inside the cell. In transduction, binding leads to a change in the receptor that triggers a series of changes in a series of d ...
Lecture (12)
... computationally estimate the changes in free energy that accompany point mutations in one of the amino acids in the ligand. This approach can be used to design a new and “better” drug that binds with an affinity that improves its properties. An example of such a designed mutated ligand is an improve ...
... computationally estimate the changes in free energy that accompany point mutations in one of the amino acids in the ligand. This approach can be used to design a new and “better” drug that binds with an affinity that improves its properties. An example of such a designed mutated ligand is an improve ...
Broad spectrum drugs
... clavulanic acid or sulbactam) with ß-lactamase sensitive penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin or ampicillin) can overcome resistance mediated by many but not all lactamase. Cephalosporins Is structurally same as penicillin – both have ß-lactam ring. Inhibits cross-linking of peptidoglycan. ...
... clavulanic acid or sulbactam) with ß-lactamase sensitive penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin or ampicillin) can overcome resistance mediated by many but not all lactamase. Cephalosporins Is structurally same as penicillin – both have ß-lactam ring. Inhibits cross-linking of peptidoglycan. ...
CHAPTER 11 CELL COMMUNICATION
... Recognition occurs when the signal binds to a specific site on the receptor that is complementary in shape to the signal. The signal molecule behaves as a ligand, a small molecule that binds with specificity to a larger molecule. Ligand binding causes the receptor protein to undergo a change ...
... Recognition occurs when the signal binds to a specific site on the receptor that is complementary in shape to the signal. The signal molecule behaves as a ligand, a small molecule that binds with specificity to a larger molecule. Ligand binding causes the receptor protein to undergo a change ...
Membranes regulate the traffic of ions and molecules into and out of
... Passive movement is the movement of molecules (or ions) by diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane. A given membrane will allow some chemical species, but not others, to pass through. If a membrane is permeable to molecule "X," then X will move down (with) its concentration gradient, by d ...
... Passive movement is the movement of molecules (or ions) by diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane. A given membrane will allow some chemical species, but not others, to pass through. If a membrane is permeable to molecule "X," then X will move down (with) its concentration gradient, by d ...
4 - UoN Repository - University of Nairobi
... this chelation can interfer with its absorption and therefore its activity. Antibiotic activity: Tetracyclines are bacteriastatic for many gran and gran negative bacteria. ...
... this chelation can interfer with its absorption and therefore its activity. Antibiotic activity: Tetracyclines are bacteriastatic for many gran and gran negative bacteria. ...
Transport and Membrane Potential
... ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ ...
... ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ___ ...
Cell Biology
... • 9. What is the difference between filtration and diffusion? • 10. What happens to a rbc in a hypertonic solution? • A hypotonic solution? ...
... • 9. What is the difference between filtration and diffusion? • 10. What happens to a rbc in a hypertonic solution? • A hypotonic solution? ...
Slide 1 - Department of Zoology, UBC
... In some animals (catfish) there are a high number of amino acid taste cells There appears to be multiple ways that animals respond to amino aicds 1. In fish and other amphibians, amino acids such as L-arginine and Lproline bind to specific receptors which are ligand gated ion channels 2. In mammals ...
... In some animals (catfish) there are a high number of amino acid taste cells There appears to be multiple ways that animals respond to amino aicds 1. In fish and other amphibians, amino acids such as L-arginine and Lproline bind to specific receptors which are ligand gated ion channels 2. In mammals ...
Types of synaptic transmission
... • Reuptake. NT is taken back into the synaptic knob of the presynaptic neuron actively. All NTs except acetylcholine use this method. ...
... • Reuptake. NT is taken back into the synaptic knob of the presynaptic neuron actively. All NTs except acetylcholine use this method. ...
Introduction to Biology Week 4
... b. A channel protein either open or gated serves as a pore through which ions, water and soluble substances can move Message transmitted across the nervous system c. A carrier protein binds specific substances 1). Some work passively while others are active requiring ATP to function ...
... b. A channel protein either open or gated serves as a pore through which ions, water and soluble substances can move Message transmitted across the nervous system c. A carrier protein binds specific substances 1). Some work passively while others are active requiring ATP to function ...
A1.3 SG - Mrs. Lee`s Science Class
... 1. What are the 3 characteristics used to place organisms into domains & kingdoms? • Cell type (prokaryotes or eukaryotes) • Cell number (unicellular or multicellular or both) • Ability to make food (autotrophs or heterotrophs or both) 2. What are prokaryotes & eukaryotes? • prokaryotes = organisms ...
... 1. What are the 3 characteristics used to place organisms into domains & kingdoms? • Cell type (prokaryotes or eukaryotes) • Cell number (unicellular or multicellular or both) • Ability to make food (autotrophs or heterotrophs or both) 2. What are prokaryotes & eukaryotes? • prokaryotes = organisms ...
Classification of Microorganisms Classification of Microorganisms
... classification as in higher organisms because few shapes • Many biochemical differences • Structures that occasionally help in identification – Spore formation – Orientation of flagella, etc. ...
... classification as in higher organisms because few shapes • Many biochemical differences • Structures that occasionally help in identification – Spore formation – Orientation of flagella, etc. ...
DIFFERENTIAL STAINING, Part I
... decolorization step, alcohol may extract the lipids, increasing the porosity or permeability of the cell walls. Thus, the crystal violet-iodine complex is easily lost. The Gram-positive bacteria, however, do not have lipid-rich cell walls. Their cell walls become dehydrated during the alcohol treatm ...
... decolorization step, alcohol may extract the lipids, increasing the porosity or permeability of the cell walls. Thus, the crystal violet-iodine complex is easily lost. The Gram-positive bacteria, however, do not have lipid-rich cell walls. Their cell walls become dehydrated during the alcohol treatm ...
CHAPTER 11 CELL COMMUNICATION
... E. W. Sutherland and his colleagues pioneered our understanding of cell signaling. Their work investigated how the animal hormone epinephrine stimulates breakdown of the storage polysaccharide glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle. Breakdown of glycogen releases glucose derivatives that can be u ...
... E. W. Sutherland and his colleagues pioneered our understanding of cell signaling. Their work investigated how the animal hormone epinephrine stimulates breakdown of the storage polysaccharide glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle. Breakdown of glycogen releases glucose derivatives that can be u ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.