The neural crest
... Interestingly, cell guidance seems to depend, at least partially, on the fact that NC cells are able to cooperate via transient cell-cell interactions and communications. Indeed, response to semaphorin signalling in cephalic mouse NC cells requires N-cadherin and connexin 43 (also known as Gja1) (Xu ...
... Interestingly, cell guidance seems to depend, at least partially, on the fact that NC cells are able to cooperate via transient cell-cell interactions and communications. Indeed, response to semaphorin signalling in cephalic mouse NC cells requires N-cadherin and connexin 43 (also known as Gja1) (Xu ...
chapter five - WordPress.com
... members of this group are unicellular. but some, like seaweeds, are multicellular. Protoctists are not animals or plants, but often have characteristics of both. Activity 5.11 What is Euglena like? ...
... members of this group are unicellular. but some, like seaweeds, are multicellular. Protoctists are not animals or plants, but often have characteristics of both. Activity 5.11 What is Euglena like? ...
Cellular Receptors and Signal Transduction in Molluscan
... hemocyte responses. At present, however, although functional evidence abounds as to the existence of hemocyte ‘‘recognition’’ receptors, few have been characterized at the molecular level. Similarly, signal transduction systems associated with various receptor-mediated hemocyte functions in molluscs ...
... hemocyte responses. At present, however, although functional evidence abounds as to the existence of hemocyte ‘‘recognition’’ receptors, few have been characterized at the molecular level. Similarly, signal transduction systems associated with various receptor-mediated hemocyte functions in molluscs ...
19-1 Bacteria
... Antibiotics work by breaking down the cell wall of gram positive bacteria. Gram negative one are not as affected as their cell wall, so it is important to know what type of bacterial infection one has. ...
... Antibiotics work by breaking down the cell wall of gram positive bacteria. Gram negative one are not as affected as their cell wall, so it is important to know what type of bacterial infection one has. ...
Putting the spotlight on organic sulfur
... this single compound, making DMSP a major intracellular metabolite for many phytoplankton groups (6, 14). Interest in DMS and DMSP was initially sparked by their potential role in climate regulation (15), but DMSP may play an important role in several facets of ecosystem dynamics (see the figure). I ...
... this single compound, making DMSP a major intracellular metabolite for many phytoplankton groups (6, 14). Interest in DMS and DMSP was initially sparked by their potential role in climate regulation (15), but DMSP may play an important role in several facets of ecosystem dynamics (see the figure). I ...
Autophagy and Immunity
... Cell swelling and rupture Release in intracellular components Activation of inflammatory response Can be regulated Can occur in concert with or instead of apoptosis (e.g. if apoptosis is blocked) ...
... Cell swelling and rupture Release in intracellular components Activation of inflammatory response Can be regulated Can occur in concert with or instead of apoptosis (e.g. if apoptosis is blocked) ...
localization of the succinic dehydrogenase system
... in the peripheral cytoplasm of the bacterium (Fig. 1). These may represent polymetaphosphate granules (20) and showed less electron scattering than the TNBT-formazan marker. Areas presumably associated with glycogen location (21) demonstrated less electron scattering than either the TNBT-formazan or ...
... in the peripheral cytoplasm of the bacterium (Fig. 1). These may represent polymetaphosphate granules (20) and showed less electron scattering than the TNBT-formazan marker. Areas presumably associated with glycogen location (21) demonstrated less electron scattering than either the TNBT-formazan or ...
P096 Effectiveness of human cytochrome P450 1A1 expressed in
... adducts were found in the presence of NADH when purified CBR and cytochrome b5 were added into the E. coli enzymatic system. This finding suggests a role of the NADH/cytochrome b5/CBR system as sole donor of electrons to CYP1A1 in its reaction cycle substituting the system of POR with NADPH. The res ...
... adducts were found in the presence of NADH when purified CBR and cytochrome b5 were added into the E. coli enzymatic system. This finding suggests a role of the NADH/cytochrome b5/CBR system as sole donor of electrons to CYP1A1 in its reaction cycle substituting the system of POR with NADPH. The res ...
Q9 Describe how the kidney maintains the medullary concentration
... The medullary concentration gradient is a physiological process, which produces a concentration gradient of up to 1400mOsmol/kg from the renal cortex through to the medulla. This enables the variable concentratio ...
... The medullary concentration gradient is a physiological process, which produces a concentration gradient of up to 1400mOsmol/kg from the renal cortex through to the medulla. This enables the variable concentratio ...
Microtubule-Dependent Regulation of α2B Adrenergic Receptors in
... Received June 15, 1999; accepted October 7, 1999 ...
... Received June 15, 1999; accepted October 7, 1999 ...
Form equals function? Bacterial shape and its consequences for
... mutant forms of HP0506 with substitutions in the predicted metal binding residues. Careful comparison of the peptidoglycan in the mutant strains as compared with wild-type strain indicated an increase in the levels of the pentapeptide sugar moiety, again suggestive of a role for HP0506 in processing ...
... mutant forms of HP0506 with substitutions in the predicted metal binding residues. Careful comparison of the peptidoglycan in the mutant strains as compared with wild-type strain indicated an increase in the levels of the pentapeptide sugar moiety, again suggestive of a role for HP0506 in processing ...
Acid-fast stain
... fastness to the bacterium. Acid-fast bacteria, of which there are very few---the major genus Mycobacterium, have a high concentration of mycolic acid, a lipid, in their walls. Although difficult to stain, once the stain goes into the wall, the cell will not de-stain or decolorize easily. The ability ...
... fastness to the bacterium. Acid-fast bacteria, of which there are very few---the major genus Mycobacterium, have a high concentration of mycolic acid, a lipid, in their walls. Although difficult to stain, once the stain goes into the wall, the cell will not de-stain or decolorize easily. The ability ...
Salmonella typhlrnurium Initiates Murine Infection by Penetrating
... were observed in the structure of the Peyer's patch epithelium 120 min after the initial invasion of M cells. A gap in the foUicle epithelium, formed by the destruction of an M cell, allowed bacteria to move to the basement membrane of the epithelium. In many sections, invading bacteria were seen fo ...
... were observed in the structure of the Peyer's patch epithelium 120 min after the initial invasion of M cells. A gap in the foUicle epithelium, formed by the destruction of an M cell, allowed bacteria to move to the basement membrane of the epithelium. In many sections, invading bacteria were seen fo ...
BACTERIAL GROWTH AND MULTIPLICATION AS DIS
... disintegrate through rupture of their cell membranes. Similar bizarre forms are common in old cultures of many spore-bearing aerobes (Figs. 40, 44-45). Their motion pictures show that they are stages in the disintegration of normal rods. Though sometimes treated as examples of life cycle forms, thei ...
... disintegrate through rupture of their cell membranes. Similar bizarre forms are common in old cultures of many spore-bearing aerobes (Figs. 40, 44-45). Their motion pictures show that they are stages in the disintegration of normal rods. Though sometimes treated as examples of life cycle forms, thei ...
Molecular Physiology: Enzymes and Cell Signaling Proteins Binding
... • intracellular signal generated in response (transduction) • signaling cascades – Signals passes from one intracellular carrier to another until an enzyme is activated – Behavior of cell changes ...
... • intracellular signal generated in response (transduction) • signaling cascades – Signals passes from one intracellular carrier to another until an enzyme is activated – Behavior of cell changes ...
Unit 8 Notes (Protista)
... Protozoa or Animallike • Phyla – Ciliophora • Distinguished by their cilia, which they use for moving. • Specialized structures ...
... Protozoa or Animallike • Phyla – Ciliophora • Distinguished by their cilia, which they use for moving. • Specialized structures ...
Archives of Microbiology
... swarm plates. On TY swarm plates cells of strain ME117 formed swarms, although smaller than did cells of the parent strain. On T Y C plates m u t a n t cells formed only a small colony, confined exclusively to the site of inoculation, whereas A348 cells formed swarms as large as those seen on TY swa ...
... swarm plates. On TY swarm plates cells of strain ME117 formed swarms, although smaller than did cells of the parent strain. On T Y C plates m u t a n t cells formed only a small colony, confined exclusively to the site of inoculation, whereas A348 cells formed swarms as large as those seen on TY swa ...
Lecture - ltcconline.net
... • Light microscopes can be used to explore the structures and functions of cells. • When scientists examine a specimen on a microscope slide, – light passes through the specimen and – lenses enlarge, or magnify, the image. ...
... • Light microscopes can be used to explore the structures and functions of cells. • When scientists examine a specimen on a microscope slide, – light passes through the specimen and – lenses enlarge, or magnify, the image. ...
Location of Actin, Myosin, and Microtubular Structures during
... During their life cycle, amebae of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum aggregate to form multicellular structures in which differentiation takes place . Aggregation depends upon the release of chemotactic signals of 3',5'-cAMP from aggregation centers . In response to the signals, aggr ...
... During their life cycle, amebae of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum aggregate to form multicellular structures in which differentiation takes place . Aggregation depends upon the release of chemotactic signals of 3',5'-cAMP from aggregation centers . In response to the signals, aggr ...
Why are bacteria different from eukaryotes? INTERVIE W Open Access Julie A Theriot*
... chromosome [19], and don’t appear to have anything as general or as scalable as a mitotic spindle. Turning to the actin cytoskeleton, this is also vital for many of the eukaryotic-specific features we have discussed. Dynamic actin assembly and disassembly are necessary for phagocytosis, to separate ...
... chromosome [19], and don’t appear to have anything as general or as scalable as a mitotic spindle. Turning to the actin cytoskeleton, this is also vital for many of the eukaryotic-specific features we have discussed. Dynamic actin assembly and disassembly are necessary for phagocytosis, to separate ...
Inhibition of Tumor Cell Invasion by a Highly Conserved Peptide
... vitro in the form of peptide 74, blocks tumor cell invasion. A concentration of 30 MMpeptide 74 was sufficient to inhibit up to 80% of invasion by both human tumor cell lines tested. A further increase in peptide 74 concentrations failed to enhance this inhibitory effect beyond the 80% seen at 30 MM ...
... vitro in the form of peptide 74, blocks tumor cell invasion. A concentration of 30 MMpeptide 74 was sufficient to inhibit up to 80% of invasion by both human tumor cell lines tested. A further increase in peptide 74 concentrations failed to enhance this inhibitory effect beyond the 80% seen at 30 MM ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.