Influenza Virus Vaccine USP Fluzone®
... During influenza epidemics from 1969-1970 through 1993-1994, the estimated overall number of influenza-associated hospitalizations in the US has ranged from approximately 16,000 to greater than 220,000 per epidemic. An analysis of national hospital discharge data indicates that an average of approxi ...
... During influenza epidemics from 1969-1970 through 1993-1994, the estimated overall number of influenza-associated hospitalizations in the US has ranged from approximately 16,000 to greater than 220,000 per epidemic. An analysis of national hospital discharge data indicates that an average of approxi ...
OW-14 exposed to high temperatures is still an effective adjuvant for
... cost-effective emulsifiers and oils. Animals vaccinated with OW-14-formulated vaccines had high antigen-specific antibodies titers, which were higher and lasted longer than commercially available vaccines. ...
... cost-effective emulsifiers and oils. Animals vaccinated with OW-14-formulated vaccines had high antigen-specific antibodies titers, which were higher and lasted longer than commercially available vaccines. ...
Defense Mechanisms against Influenza Virus Infection in the
... against homologous virus infection. They are largely distributed on the alveolar epithelia to prevent influenza pneumonia. (iii) In the absence of Abs in the pre-immunized animals, the production of specific IgA and IgG Abs by B memory cells is accelerated after re-infection, and these antibodies pl ...
... against homologous virus infection. They are largely distributed on the alveolar epithelia to prevent influenza pneumonia. (iii) In the absence of Abs in the pre-immunized animals, the production of specific IgA and IgG Abs by B memory cells is accelerated after re-infection, and these antibodies pl ...
Public Health Microbiology - ECDC Overview 2012 strategies and
... role of European laboratory networks EULabCap shows robust microbiology capacity at EU and MS levels with specific areas of vulnerability EU public health networks strengthen laboratory capacity for surveillance and preparedness for emerging diseases Joint ECDC- WHO- Commission networks collab ...
... role of European laboratory networks EULabCap shows robust microbiology capacity at EU and MS levels with specific areas of vulnerability EU public health networks strengthen laboratory capacity for surveillance and preparedness for emerging diseases Joint ECDC- WHO- Commission networks collab ...
National Preparedness Plan
... During the interpandemic interval, the viruses circulating in the population are related to the viruses from the previous pandemic. Every two-three years, a selection takes places among the strains that are sufficiently different from the virus to which the population has high collective immunity, a ...
... During the interpandemic interval, the viruses circulating in the population are related to the viruses from the previous pandemic. Every two-three years, a selection takes places among the strains that are sufficiently different from the virus to which the population has high collective immunity, a ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... We allow stochastic emergence of a drug resistant strain, modeled as a per-infection probability. Consistent with others, we assume that case treatment selects for the emergence of drug resistant influenza (ρt) more strongly than post-exposure prophylaxis (ρp) (Lipsitch et al., 2007). This assumptio ...
... We allow stochastic emergence of a drug resistant strain, modeled as a per-infection probability. Consistent with others, we assume that case treatment selects for the emergence of drug resistant influenza (ρt) more strongly than post-exposure prophylaxis (ρp) (Lipsitch et al., 2007). This assumptio ...
National Communicable Disease Emergencies
... RNA virus, 8 segments mutate or recombine resulting in new viral strains ...
... RNA virus, 8 segments mutate or recombine resulting in new viral strains ...
Genetic variants associated with severe pneumonia in A/H1N1 influenza infection
... pulmonary illness in people from many countries. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the cases with severe pneumonia at the beginning of the outbreak in Mexico have been reported [2]. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of severe pneumonia associated with A/H1N1 infec ...
... pulmonary illness in people from many countries. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the cases with severe pneumonia at the beginning of the outbreak in Mexico have been reported [2]. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of severe pneumonia associated with A/H1N1 infec ...
Viral Meningitis (non-bacterial meningitis)
... Viral meningitis is an infection of the fluid that surrounds a person’s spinal cord and brain. There are many types of viruses that can cause this disease, including common intestinal (stomach) viruses. Occasionally, children with mumps virus or herpes virus can develop meningitis. Mosquito-borne vi ...
... Viral meningitis is an infection of the fluid that surrounds a person’s spinal cord and brain. There are many types of viruses that can cause this disease, including common intestinal (stomach) viruses. Occasionally, children with mumps virus or herpes virus can develop meningitis. Mosquito-borne vi ...
Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection
... Influenza-associated morbidity disproportionately affects the younger child and older adult, with influenza-concomitant deaths occurring excessively in adults over the age of 65. There is an unmet need for sterilizing immunity toward Influenza A virus (IAV) and in parallel a, simultaneously growing, ...
... Influenza-associated morbidity disproportionately affects the younger child and older adult, with influenza-concomitant deaths occurring excessively in adults over the age of 65. There is an unmet need for sterilizing immunity toward Influenza A virus (IAV) and in parallel a, simultaneously growing, ...
don`t mix! - Oakengates Medical Practice
... spread by the coughs and sneezes of people who have it. You can also pick up flu by touching something like a door handle if someone who has flu has touched it before you. Although many people think flu is just a heavy cold, if you catch flu, you’re likely to feel much worse. You could feel terrible ...
... spread by the coughs and sneezes of people who have it. You can also pick up flu by touching something like a door handle if someone who has flu has touched it before you. Although many people think flu is just a heavy cold, if you catch flu, you’re likely to feel much worse. You could feel terrible ...
(2/2)* Jan 2004
... 5. No clear evidence of human to human transmission is available, but it’s possibility should be considered : • Number of human cases increased, including number of healthy carriers • Number of infected family cluster is increasing • Number of infected individuals in each family cluster is increasin ...
... 5. No clear evidence of human to human transmission is available, but it’s possibility should be considered : • Number of human cases increased, including number of healthy carriers • Number of infected family cluster is increasing • Number of infected individuals in each family cluster is increasin ...
complete list as PDF
... BSL-‐3 and ABSL-‐3: All manipulations of cultures of pathogenic Brucella spp. listed in this summary, and for experimental animal studies. BSL-‐3: Products of conception due to the high concentration ...
... BSL-‐3 and ABSL-‐3: All manipulations of cultures of pathogenic Brucella spp. listed in this summary, and for experimental animal studies. BSL-‐3: Products of conception due to the high concentration ...
Nororvirus Fact Sheet
... • Airborne transmission has been suggested to explain its rapid spread in settings like schools and day cares Those infected with Norovirus can spread it once they feel ill and for up to two days after the symptoms (usually diarrhea) stop but people can carry the virus for up to two weeks longer. Wh ...
... • Airborne transmission has been suggested to explain its rapid spread in settings like schools and day cares Those infected with Norovirus can spread it once they feel ill and for up to two days after the symptoms (usually diarrhea) stop but people can carry the virus for up to two weeks longer. Wh ...
Developments in the Care of Influenza Patients
... Influenza viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Influenza A and B are the types of influenza virus that are associated with epidemics in humans. Type C is rarely reported as a cause of human illness. Subtypes of influenza A virus are determined by the surface antige ...
... Influenza viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Influenza A and B are the types of influenza virus that are associated with epidemics in humans. Type C is rarely reported as a cause of human illness. Subtypes of influenza A virus are determined by the surface antige ...
Select the most appropriate answer for each question (1
... (C) Have their own metabolism (D) May contain enzymes for replication (E) Are intracellular parasites 2. Which of the following is not an enveloped virus? (A) Variola virus (B) Adenovirus (C) Epstein-Barr virus (D) Varicella-zoster virus (E) Hepatitis B virus 3. Which of the following is a DNA tumor ...
... (C) Have their own metabolism (D) May contain enzymes for replication (E) Are intracellular parasites 2. Which of the following is not an enveloped virus? (A) Variola virus (B) Adenovirus (C) Epstein-Barr virus (D) Varicella-zoster virus (E) Hepatitis B virus 3. Which of the following is a DNA tumor ...
Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity
... Background: Current influenza vaccines based on the hemagglutinin protein are strain specific and do not provide good protection against drifted viruses or emergence of new pandemic strains. An influenza vaccine that can confer crossprotection against antigenically different influenza A strains is h ...
... Background: Current influenza vaccines based on the hemagglutinin protein are strain specific and do not provide good protection against drifted viruses or emergence of new pandemic strains. An influenza vaccine that can confer crossprotection against antigenically different influenza A strains is h ...
Australian Influenza Surveillance Report No.03, 2013
... Additionally, WHO recommended that quadrivalent vaccines containing two influenza B viruses contain the above three viruses and a B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus. In comparison to the current 2013 southern hemisphere vaccine, this recommendation changed the B component and also recommended a change in ...
... Additionally, WHO recommended that quadrivalent vaccines containing two influenza B viruses contain the above three viruses and a B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus. In comparison to the current 2013 southern hemisphere vaccine, this recommendation changed the B component and also recommended a change in ...
Medical Microbiology
... •Viruses are not living organisms because they do not contain all the enzymes required for their replication and possess the biologic equipment necessary for the production of metabolic energy. •Morphologically, viruses are very small particles and have no basic cell structure. A simplest virus cons ...
... •Viruses are not living organisms because they do not contain all the enzymes required for their replication and possess the biologic equipment necessary for the production of metabolic energy. •Morphologically, viruses are very small particles and have no basic cell structure. A simplest virus cons ...
slide1_medical-virology-1
... encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid – containing membrane. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. ...
... encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid – containing membrane. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. ...
Sameer_1
... encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid – containing membrane. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. ...
... encased in a protein shell, which may be surrounded by a lipid – containing membrane. The entire infectious unit is termed a virion. ...
Mathematical modelling of infectious disease transmission
... • Vaccinated people are less likely to become infected and less likely to infect others. Therefore, vaccines can protect vaccinated and unvaccinated people. • If some people are vaccinated, epidemics may be smaller. • If enough people are vaccinated, epidemics should not spread and there is “herd im ...
... • Vaccinated people are less likely to become infected and less likely to infect others. Therefore, vaccines can protect vaccinated and unvaccinated people. • If some people are vaccinated, epidemics may be smaller. • If enough people are vaccinated, epidemics should not spread and there is “herd im ...
09-03-2015-RRA-Influenza A (H5N1)-Egypt - ECDC
... Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus type A(H5N1) is very infectious for a number of bird species, including most species of domestic poultry [1–4]. Unlike most other avian influenza viruses, this virus type has also infected mammals, including cats, tigers and pigs, and is potentially inf ...
... Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus type A(H5N1) is very infectious for a number of bird species, including most species of domestic poultry [1–4]. Unlike most other avian influenza viruses, this virus type has also infected mammals, including cats, tigers and pigs, and is potentially inf ...
Virus evolution and transmission in an ever more connected world
... from the virus’s reservoir in central Africa, and that the epidemic in Sierra Leone arose from the transmission of two distinct viral lineages from Guinea [41]. By contrast, phylogenetic investigation of the HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in the UK showed that it comprised hundreds of independent viral in ...
... from the virus’s reservoir in central Africa, and that the epidemic in Sierra Leone arose from the transmission of two distinct viral lineages from Guinea [41]. By contrast, phylogenetic investigation of the HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in the UK showed that it comprised hundreds of independent viral in ...
VIRUS
... rabbits, or monkeys. Monkey kidney and human embryonated kidney cell culture Aseptic meningitis, febrile illnesses with or without rash, common colds, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis are among the diseases caused by echoviruses. ...
... rabbits, or monkeys. Monkey kidney and human embryonated kidney cell culture Aseptic meningitis, febrile illnesses with or without rash, common colds, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis are among the diseases caused by echoviruses. ...
Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: a high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week. The cough, however, may last for more than two weeks. In children there may be nausea and vomiting but these are not common in adults. Nausea and vomiting occur more commonly in the unrelated infection gastroenteritis, which is sometimes inaccurately referred to as ""stomach flu"" or ""24-hour flu"". Complications of influenza may include viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, sinus infections, and worsening of previous health problems such as asthma or heart failure.Three types of influenza affect people. Usually, the virus is spread through the air from coughs or sneezes. This is believed to occur mostly over relatively short distances. It can also be spread by touching surfaces contaminated by the virus and then touching the mouth or eyes. A person may be infectious to others both before and during the time they are sick. The infection may be confirmed by testing the throat, sputum, or nose for the virus. A number of rapid tests are available; however, people may still have the infection if the results are negative. A type of polymerase chain reaction that detects the virus's RNA is more accurate.Frequent hand washing reduces the risk of infection because the virus is inactivated by soap. Wearing a surgical mask is also useful. Yearly vaccinations against influenza are recommended by the World Health Organization for those at high risk. The vaccine is usually effective against three or four types of influenza. It is usually well tolerated. A vaccine made for one year may not be useful in the following year, since the virus evolves rapidly. Antiviral drugs such as the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir among others have been used to treat influenza. Their benefits in those who are otherwise healthy do not appear to be greater than their risks. No benefit has been found in those with other health problems.Influenza spreads around the world in a yearly outbreak, resulting in about three to five million cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths. In the Northern and Southern parts of the world outbreaks occur mainly in winter while in areas around the equator outbreaks may occur at any time of the year. Death occurs mostly in the young, the old and those with other health problems. Larger outbreaks known as pandemics are less frequent. In the 20th century three influenza pandemics occurred: Spanish influenza in 1918, Asian influenza in 1958, and Hong Kong influenza in 1968, each resulting in more than a million deaths. The World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of influenza A/H1N1 to be a pandemic in June 2009. Influenza may also affect other animals, including pigs, horses and birds.