Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action
... this is the basis of reciprocity (why others count) and its emanicipatory character (as being critical of established authority) ...
... this is the basis of reciprocity (why others count) and its emanicipatory character (as being critical of established authority) ...
THE NATURE OF MORALITY
... that your misdeed will come back to haunt you. This is often correct but sometimes just in terms of personal interest – it may pay off for you to do what you know to be wrong. ...
... that your misdeed will come back to haunt you. This is often correct but sometimes just in terms of personal interest – it may pay off for you to do what you know to be wrong. ...
natural law questions
... 4) Is it clear that the purpose of humanity is to preserve self and the innocent, to reproduce, to acquire knowledge, to live in an ordered society and to worship God? Are any of these disputable and if so on what grounds? Are there any other purposes that could be added to the list? ...
... 4) Is it clear that the purpose of humanity is to preserve self and the innocent, to reproduce, to acquire knowledge, to live in an ordered society and to worship God? Are any of these disputable and if so on what grounds? Are there any other purposes that could be added to the list? ...
What is Ethics?
... moral principle, which in the present case could not be any higher. He appeals to a general rule, determines that his situation falls under that rule, and finally draws a conclusion about what he must do—namely, refuse Crito's suggestion that he escape. ...
... moral principle, which in the present case could not be any higher. He appeals to a general rule, determines that his situation falls under that rule, and finally draws a conclusion about what he must do—namely, refuse Crito's suggestion that he escape. ...
Why Ethics?
... • Some things are good in themselves – Some foods are like this – It is good to have a degree because it improves your education – Friendship is just good – Art is good for its own sake ...
... • Some things are good in themselves – Some foods are like this – It is good to have a degree because it improves your education – Friendship is just good – Art is good for its own sake ...
Ethical Theory
... Deontological Theories: duty driven, for example, relates not only to consequences but also to whether action itself is good ◦ Focuses on the actions of the leader and his/her moral obligation and responsibilities to do the right thing Example: telling the truth, keeping promises, being fair ...
... Deontological Theories: duty driven, for example, relates not only to consequences but also to whether action itself is good ◦ Focuses on the actions of the leader and his/her moral obligation and responsibilities to do the right thing Example: telling the truth, keeping promises, being fair ...
ETHC 2000 – Interdisciplinary Ethics and Values Evaluation of
... any action or decision that would interfere with the rights of everyone to develop their potential as much as possible. Such rights are consistent with the promotion of voluntary exchanges among individual as the basis for collective benefit.. ...
... any action or decision that would interfere with the rights of everyone to develop their potential as much as possible. Such rights are consistent with the promotion of voluntary exchanges among individual as the basis for collective benefit.. ...
Basis-for-Medical
... A rule utilitarian, however, would look at the rule, rather than the act, that would be instituted by cutting up the sixth man. The rule in this case would be: "whenever a surgeon could kill one relatively healthy person in order to transplant his organs to more than one other person who needs them, ...
... A rule utilitarian, however, would look at the rule, rather than the act, that would be instituted by cutting up the sixth man. The rule in this case would be: "whenever a surgeon could kill one relatively healthy person in order to transplant his organs to more than one other person who needs them, ...
Introduction to Bioethics (ppt lecture)
... which are not life-threatening if treated immediately, the doctor discovers that his organs are compatible with all five of his dying patients. • Would it be justified for the physician to let the patient die to harvest his organs to save the other ...
... which are not life-threatening if treated immediately, the doctor discovers that his organs are compatible with all five of his dying patients. • Would it be justified for the physician to let the patient die to harvest his organs to save the other ...
Ethics Theories
... According to Kant, we must not only act out of a right motivation, but must also do the right thing. Both the motive and the act must be morally relevant. (Any contradiction with the previous condition that as long as the motive is good the consequences of the act is not important?) Categorical im ...
... According to Kant, we must not only act out of a right motivation, but must also do the right thing. Both the motive and the act must be morally relevant. (Any contradiction with the previous condition that as long as the motive is good the consequences of the act is not important?) Categorical im ...
Religious Language - the Redhill Academy
... the weaknesses of compatible. [35] Aristotle’s teaching on virtue? [35] ...
... the weaknesses of compatible. [35] Aristotle’s teaching on virtue? [35] ...
1. What is natural resource economics & why is it important?
... knowledge, skills, and training to find ways to harmonize society’s needs, demands, and actions with the maintenance and enhancement of natural and managed ecosystems.” ESA 1993, from Coufal & Spuches ...
... knowledge, skills, and training to find ways to harmonize society’s needs, demands, and actions with the maintenance and enhancement of natural and managed ecosystems.” ESA 1993, from Coufal & Spuches ...
Chapter 2 Modern Private Security
... Ethics deals with questions of right and wrong, of moral and immoral behavior. ...
... Ethics deals with questions of right and wrong, of moral and immoral behavior. ...
Everyday Ethics - University of Montana
... character we need to discuss more than ethics violations. A vocabulary for deeper discussions about ethics and leadership exists; but unfortunately these terms have largely slipped form our moral vocabulary. The key concept that needs to be revived is prudence. This is not a term that generates much ...
... character we need to discuss more than ethics violations. A vocabulary for deeper discussions about ethics and leadership exists; but unfortunately these terms have largely slipped form our moral vocabulary. The key concept that needs to be revived is prudence. This is not a term that generates much ...
Ethics
... For leaders to be effective in a principlesbased organization, they must routinely make the ethical component of their own decision-making explicit. Leaders must be able to point to key organizational decisions and explain in detail how they uphold the organization’s principles. ...
... For leaders to be effective in a principlesbased organization, they must routinely make the ethical component of their own decision-making explicit. Leaders must be able to point to key organizational decisions and explain in detail how they uphold the organization’s principles. ...
Lecture Notes-- Applied Ethics
... -but it is not something that is simply made up by anyone or for any purpose -it is a social institution, in fact, the most fundamental of all institutions -definition of morality: an institutionalized set of rules whose purpose it is to guide behavior towards the avoidance and/or resolution of mora ...
... -but it is not something that is simply made up by anyone or for any purpose -it is a social institution, in fact, the most fundamental of all institutions -definition of morality: an institutionalized set of rules whose purpose it is to guide behavior towards the avoidance and/or resolution of mora ...
- Philsci
... "conceptual" efforts, while others, Patricia Kitcher for example, read the book as a psychological theory, a theory of how the mind works and, in view of that constitution, of what the mind can and cannot know. The psychological reading seems the more charitable to Kant, since a psychological theory ...
... "conceptual" efforts, while others, Patricia Kitcher for example, read the book as a psychological theory, a theory of how the mind works and, in view of that constitution, of what the mind can and cannot know. The psychological reading seems the more charitable to Kant, since a psychological theory ...
the story of - J397: Media Ethics
... What we have done instead is to develop theories of rightness and obligation based on the notion of reason: Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests. (Ethical Egoism) We ought to do whatever will promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. (Utilitariani ...
... What we have done instead is to develop theories of rightness and obligation based on the notion of reason: Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests. (Ethical Egoism) We ought to do whatever will promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. (Utilitariani ...
Why Ethics?
... • Classic phrases for deontology are: • “respect for persons”; • “the ends don’t justify the means”. • This theory holds the worth of persons to be infinite - cannot be traded off for other benefits eg. trialling drugs on a minority group because the majority will gain. ...
... • Classic phrases for deontology are: • “respect for persons”; • “the ends don’t justify the means”. • This theory holds the worth of persons to be infinite - cannot be traded off for other benefits eg. trialling drugs on a minority group because the majority will gain. ...
Document
... person. Since conflicts among various principles and standards can arise, we must frequently exercise our judgment in deciding how we should act. In order to exercise our judgment, we need to understand the particular features of a given situation. Thus, there is an important sense in which ethics ...
... person. Since conflicts among various principles and standards can arise, we must frequently exercise our judgment in deciding how we should act. In order to exercise our judgment, we need to understand the particular features of a given situation. Thus, there is an important sense in which ethics ...
Ethics: A Brief Overview
... you must consider all individuals’ wellbeing equally and always give to others whenever possible as long as that provides for the greatest amount of pleasure. ...
... you must consider all individuals’ wellbeing equally and always give to others whenever possible as long as that provides for the greatest amount of pleasure. ...
introdcution to ethics - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... • Categorical Imperative- It commands certain conduct immediately. • Categorical- it applies instantly to all rational beings • Imperative- a principle on which we ought to act • "Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a universal law". ...
... • Categorical Imperative- It commands certain conduct immediately. • Categorical- it applies instantly to all rational beings • Imperative- a principle on which we ought to act • "Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a universal law". ...
Slide 1
... Systemic thinking moves beyond this to also incorporate a focus on quality, and to included intuition and values as key aspects of learning ...
... Systemic thinking moves beyond this to also incorporate a focus on quality, and to included intuition and values as key aspects of learning ...
Kantian ethics
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Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. His principle of universalisability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.American philosopher Louis Pojman has cited Pietism, political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the modern debate between rationalism and empiricism, and the influence of natural law as influences on the development of Kant's ethics. Other philosophers have argued that Kant's parents and his teacher, Martin Knutzen, influenced his ethics. Those influenced by Kantian ethics include philosopher Jürgen Habermas, political philosopher John Rawls, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel criticised Kant for not providing specific enough detail in his moral theory to affect decision-making and for denying human nature. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that ethics should attempt to describe how people behave and criticised Kant for being prescriptive. Michael Stocker has argued that acting out of duty can diminish other moral motivations such as friendship, while Marcia Baron has defended the theory by arguing that duty does not diminish other motivations. The Catholic Church has criticised Kant's ethics as contradictory and regards Christian ethics as more compatible with virtue ethics.The claim that all humans are due dignity and respect as autonomous agents means that medical professionals should be happy for their treatments to be performed upon anyone, and that patients must never be treated merely as useful for society. Kant's approach to sexual ethics emerged from his view that humans should never be used merely as a means to an end, leading him to regard sexual activity as degrading and to condemn certain specific sexual practices. Feminist philosophers have used Kantian ethics to condemn practices such as prostitution and pornography because they do not treat women as ends. Kant also believed that, because animals do not possess rationality, we cannot have duties to them except indirect duties not to develop immoral dispositions through cruelty towards them. Kant used the example of lying as an application of his ethics: because there is a perfect duty to tell the truth, we must never lie, even if it seems that lying would bring about better consequences than telling the truth.