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The Biosphere - McGraw Hill Higher Education
The Biosphere - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... Hourly mean body temperature (°C) ...
Scripps Scientists Explore the Mysteries and Challenges of the
Scripps Scientists Explore the Mysteries and Challenges of the

... Scripps Institution of Oceanography: scripps.ucsd.edu Scripps News: scrippsnews.ucsd.edu About Scripps Institution of Oceanography Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California, San Diego, is one of the oldest, largest and most important centers for global science research and educ ...
Aquatic Biomes, Part I – Marine Biomes
Aquatic Biomes, Part I – Marine Biomes

... North Pacific Subtropical Gyre – the largest ecosystem on the planet Prochlorococcus, the most abundant oxygenic phototroph in the NPSG, was first described around 1990. Other novel Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya have not yet been isolated (described only by nucleic acid sequences). ...
Marine discharge
Marine discharge

... increases mortality of organisms surviving primary entrainment passage. Critical factors affecting entrainment include the seasonal occurrence and density of entrainable organisms in intake waters, as well as the sizes, life stages and susceptibility of entrained organisms to injury during inplant p ...
pete_peterson
pete_peterson

... functioning, and key processes; Is place-based, i.e., it considers a specific ecosystem and the range of activities affecting it; Explicitly accounts for the interconnectedness within systems, i.e., that many non-target species are integral components of the systems that produce the target ...
Chapter I Deep-sea ecosystems: their functioning and biodiversity
Chapter I Deep-sea ecosystems: their functioning and biodiversity

... the deep Mediterranean sea provide the first evidence of a metazoan life cycle that is spent entirely in permanently anoxic sediments (Danovaro et al. 2010). Due to their the size and remoteness, the deep-sea ecosystems on the seafloor have historically been very poorly studied, and although the cen ...
Distribution and Feeding Ecology of Bathylagus euryops (Teleostei: Microstomatidae) Along the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge From Iceland to the Azores
Distribution and Feeding Ecology of Bathylagus euryops (Teleostei: Microstomatidae) Along the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge From Iceland to the Azores

... responses to varying environmental conditions. With the exception of chemoautotrophy in deep hydrothermal vent or cold seep systems (Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2010), all primary production ...
Equipments *SV *SAMUDDRICA - National Aquatic Resources
Equipments *SV *SAMUDDRICA - National Aquatic Resources

... parameters. Plankton are the productive base of both marine and fresh water ecosystems, providing food for large animals and indirectly for human, whose fisheries depends on plankton. Zooplankton are used directly as food by fish or mammals, but several links on the food chain usually have been fast ...
Course description, lessons and learning goals
Course description, lessons and learning goals

... Science elective (does not meet science requirement for Brebeuf or state of Indiana) 1 credit course An off-campus, 2 week intensive course (offered on even-numbered years) Prerequisite: Grade 9 Biology This course is an introduction to the biology of the marine environment. Students will travel to ...
Oceanic
Oceanic

... 3) Ocean life zones (vertical zones) Benthic Province (bottom) Neritic (or coastal) zone Influenced by terrestrial processes Oceanic (open ocean) zone Beyond the influence of terrestrial processes Important definitions; these are the zones where organisms live ...
Lesson Overview - MrPetersenScience
Lesson Overview - MrPetersenScience

... ________________________ in aquatic habitats also often varies with depth. The deepest parts of lakes and oceans are often colder than surface waters. ____________________ in lakes and oceans can dramatically affect water temperature because they can _______________ water that is significantly warme ...
Content review with outline and thought questions
Content review with outline and thought questions

... compounds to produce food. An example, are the Archeata communities of microbes that flourish around hydrothermal vents even in the darkness of the deep-sea floor. In contrast, plants require the energy of the sun to transform inorganic nutrients into food. 4. How and why does primary production var ...
Eighth Grade Field Trip Worksheet
Eighth Grade Field Trip Worksheet

... Zone and Deep Reef. Draw these animals and write where you're likely to see them and why. ...
on the edge of the abyss
on the edge of the abyss

... these worms produce enough energy to allow their host to grow by almost 2.5 centimeters every ten days, making them the fastest growing marine invertebrate.44 Another inhabitant of hydrothermal vents is the large Pompeii worm, which also probably gets much of its food from bacteria, this time attach ...
6.A.2(1) - Western Pacific Fishery Council
6.A.2(1) - Western Pacific Fishery Council

... observation using acoustics and alternative methods, such as video cameras or hook-and line fishing. Examples of backscatter from Deep-7 bottomfish and other fish species intermixed with them are shown at shallow (a), mid-depth (b), and deep (c) ranges of Deep-7 bottomfish habitat. The middle-top ec ...
D O E I
D O E I

... restrictive. A significant portion of the organic material in the food web does not derive from algae or from consumers dependent on them. Substantial populations of microorganisms get along without help from the photosynthetically based food chain. They don’t need any of its energy or products, not ...
Hydrothermal vent
Hydrothermal vent

... Hydrothermal vents are globally distributed, but their location is determined by tectonic conditions. Where plates form, such as mid-oceanic ridges and in areas where there is volcanic activity, the Earth’s magma is close to the seafloor and can heat water which has seeped down. The hydrothermal ven ...
Seamount communities (UK BAP Priority Habitat description)
Seamount communities (UK BAP Priority Habitat description)

... Studies of the pelagic communities above seamounts reveal both qualitative and quantitative differences when compared to the surrounding water. The biomass of planktonic organisms over seamounts is often higher than surrounding areas, which, in turn, become an important component of the diet of fish ...
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in the United States
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in the United States

... toxic p hytoplankto n, sometimes at levels potentially lethal to humans or other consumers and may decrease ...
Nutrient Cycles
Nutrient Cycles

... Explain how productivity may be limited by the availability of dissolved nutrients. • Inorganic nutrients, such as nitrate ions and phosphate ions are essential for the growth of primary producers. Since consumers depend on these primary producers for food, either directly on indirectly in food ch ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... mined for a variety of purposes and can trap petroleum products beneath the oceans. Dinoflagellates differ from diatoms in a number of important ways. This group includes organisms having properties of both plants and animals but it is usually classified in the phytoplankton category. Among their ma ...
Deep seabed mining - Pacific Ecologist
Deep seabed mining - Pacific Ecologist

... floor fauna into that part of the marine fauna that we are concerned with, the fish we eat.”5 Burns also felt mining would be unlikely to really hurt “bottom critters” because so few populate the deep-sea floor. In light of today’s more informed, yet still very limited knowledge, his views seem quit ...
Climate Change and Oregon`s Nearshore Open Water Habitat
Climate Change and Oregon`s Nearshore Open Water Habitat

... between the extreme low tide and the 30 fathom (180 feet or 55 meter) depth contour1. These waters are part of what is called the neritic zone, which extends out to a depth of approximately 650 feet (200 m). Open water habitats are affected by light, water temperature, stratification of water, physi ...
WORKSHOPS FOR SCHOOLS Marine Aliens (P1
WORKSHOPS FOR SCHOOLS Marine Aliens (P1

... The Food Chains workshop is a fun and active way of finding out who eats who! Pupils learn and contribute facts about all kinds of marine animals from the smallest bacteria to the blue whale. They do this by dressing up in food chain t-shirts! The Marine Pollution Game (P3-7) The Pollution workshop ...
Klints Bank and North East of Gotland
Klints Bank and North East of Gotland

... Due to stratification, the deeper parts of the Gotland Deep suffer from a lack of oxygen, which prevents most multicellular organisms from living there. Occasionally, a phenomenon takes place wherein major inflows of oxygen‑rich water from the North Sea reach the Gotland Deep via strong western wind ...
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Deep sea fish



Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fish include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, and viperfish.Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor. Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000m-4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000m-6000m deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200m-1000m deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is minimal but still measurable. The oxygen minimum layer exists somewhere between a depth of 700m and 1000m deep depending on the place in the ocean. This area is also where nutrients are most abundant. The bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones are aphotic, meaning that no light penetrates this area of the ocean. These zones make up about 75% of the inhabitable ocean space.The epipelagic zone (0m-200m) is the area where light penetrates the water and photosynthesis occurs. This is also known as the photic zone. Because this typically extends only a few hundred meters below the water, the deep sea, about 90% of the ocean volume, is in darkness. The deep sea is also an extremely hostile environment, with temperatures that rarely exceed 3 °C and fall as low as -1.8 °C (with the exception of hydrothermal vent ecosystems that can exceed 350 °C), low oxygen levels, and pressures between 20 and 1,000 atmospheres (between 2 and 100 megapascals).
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