The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in some
... discussed in the context of the suggestion made by Intriago and Floodgate (Journal of General Microbiology 137, 1503-1509,1991) that Ffexibucterstrains possess both the anaerobic and aerobic pathways for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, the activity of the latter being modulated by the intracell ...
... discussed in the context of the suggestion made by Intriago and Floodgate (Journal of General Microbiology 137, 1503-1509,1991) that Ffexibucterstrains possess both the anaerobic and aerobic pathways for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, the activity of the latter being modulated by the intracell ...
clinical biochemistry
... capacity and blood supply; treatment with chemicals and drugs and other environmental pollutants, extreme physical stress such as heat, radiation; exposure to microbial agents and subsequent infection; disruption or malfunction of the immune system; genetic defects leading to metabolic disorders and ...
... capacity and blood supply; treatment with chemicals and drugs and other environmental pollutants, extreme physical stress such as heat, radiation; exposure to microbial agents and subsequent infection; disruption or malfunction of the immune system; genetic defects leading to metabolic disorders and ...
Glucose
... Despite the fact that humans cannot digest cellulose (lacking an enzyme to hydrolyze the (ß 1,4) linkages), cellulose is nonetheless a very important part of the healthy human diet. This is because it forms a major part of the dietary fiber that we know is important for proper digestion. Since we c ...
... Despite the fact that humans cannot digest cellulose (lacking an enzyme to hydrolyze the (ß 1,4) linkages), cellulose is nonetheless a very important part of the healthy human diet. This is because it forms a major part of the dietary fiber that we know is important for proper digestion. Since we c ...
Cress and Potato Soluble Epoxide Hydrolases
... isolated and cloned (18, 19), and recently a putative sEH cDNA was cloned from tobacco by Gou et al. (20). These plant genes code for proteins 30% shorter on the N-terminus than the mammalian sEH (Fig. 1), but they display significant homology to the C-terminal domain of the mammalian sEH that conta ...
... isolated and cloned (18, 19), and recently a putative sEH cDNA was cloned from tobacco by Gou et al. (20). These plant genes code for proteins 30% shorter on the N-terminus than the mammalian sEH (Fig. 1), but they display significant homology to the C-terminal domain of the mammalian sEH that conta ...
Anaerobic Glucose and Serine Metabolism in Staphy
... biochemical tests of Schleifer & Kocur (1973) and Schleifer & Kloos (1975). Growth of organism. Bacteria were grown in the medium and under the conditions described by Horan et al. (1978~);where indicated glucose was excluded and this is referred to as the basal medium. Anaerobic cultures were incub ...
... biochemical tests of Schleifer & Kocur (1973) and Schleifer & Kloos (1975). Growth of organism. Bacteria were grown in the medium and under the conditions described by Horan et al. (1978~);where indicated glucose was excluded and this is referred to as the basal medium. Anaerobic cultures were incub ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... complete sequencing efforts Generally: amplification and expression give us access to and control of biochemical systems that otherwise have to be isolated in their original setting These methods enable controlled experiments on complex systems ...
... complete sequencing efforts Generally: amplification and expression give us access to and control of biochemical systems that otherwise have to be isolated in their original setting These methods enable controlled experiments on complex systems ...
A1071 GM Canola MON88302 AppR SD1
... techniques, namely recognition by anti-CP4 EPSPS antibody, MALDI-TOF analysis, Nterminal sequencing and enzymatic activity. Bioinformatic studies have confirmed the lack of any significant amino acid sequence similarity to known protein toxins or allergens and digestibility studies have demonstrated ...
... techniques, namely recognition by anti-CP4 EPSPS antibody, MALDI-TOF analysis, Nterminal sequencing and enzymatic activity. Bioinformatic studies have confirmed the lack of any significant amino acid sequence similarity to known protein toxins or allergens and digestibility studies have demonstrated ...
Evaluation of different fermentation processes for use by small
... acid acetic production from lactic acid bacteria Ho et al. 2014;. In addition, citric, oxalic, phosphoric, succinic, and malic acids are also produced Camu et al. 2007; Puziah et al. 1998;. Due to the exothermic nature of the above reactions, the temperature within the boxes rises up to 50°C; under ...
... acid acetic production from lactic acid bacteria Ho et al. 2014;. In addition, citric, oxalic, phosphoric, succinic, and malic acids are also produced Camu et al. 2007; Puziah et al. 1998;. Due to the exothermic nature of the above reactions, the temperature within the boxes rises up to 50°C; under ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS, GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS & DEGRADATION
... purposes in liver and muscle. The liver synthesizes glycogen after a carbohydrate meal and degrades it to free glucose during fasting. The glucose-6-phosphate from glycogen breakdown is cleaved to free glucose by glucose-6-phosphatase. The liver releases this glucose into the blood for use by ...
... purposes in liver and muscle. The liver synthesizes glycogen after a carbohydrate meal and degrades it to free glucose during fasting. The glucose-6-phosphate from glycogen breakdown is cleaved to free glucose by glucose-6-phosphatase. The liver releases this glucose into the blood for use by ...
Essential amino acid
... production and maintenance of body proteins. Lysine: Deficiency can lead to poor appetite, reduction in body weight, anemia, and a reduced ability to concentrate, as well as pneumonia, kidney disease (nephritis), and acidosis, as well as with malnutrition and rickets in children. Methionine: Methion ...
... production and maintenance of body proteins. Lysine: Deficiency can lead to poor appetite, reduction in body weight, anemia, and a reduced ability to concentrate, as well as pneumonia, kidney disease (nephritis), and acidosis, as well as with malnutrition and rickets in children. Methionine: Methion ...
EFFECT OF COOKING AND ROASTING ON THE AMINO ACID
... varieties and runner varieties in this group are capable of giving good yields but the erects are handled more easily with machines. Nearly all the crop grown in Nigeria is of this long season type. The long season runner variety was used for these experiments [Phillips 1977]. Collection of samples. ...
... varieties and runner varieties in this group are capable of giving good yields but the erects are handled more easily with machines. Nearly all the crop grown in Nigeria is of this long season type. The long season runner variety was used for these experiments [Phillips 1977]. Collection of samples. ...
Planta - University of Regina
... which catalyzes repetitive decarboxylative condensation of a starter CoA derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway with three C2-units from malonyl-CoA and regiospeci®c cyclization to give chalcone (Fig. 1) (Kreuzaler and Hahlbrock 1975). CHS is a typical homodimeric plant polyketide synthase with ap ...
... which catalyzes repetitive decarboxylative condensation of a starter CoA derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway with three C2-units from malonyl-CoA and regiospeci®c cyclization to give chalcone (Fig. 1) (Kreuzaler and Hahlbrock 1975). CHS is a typical homodimeric plant polyketide synthase with ap ...
attachment 1 - Federal Register of Legislation
... (iii) the composition and nutritional adequacy of the food, including whether there had been any unintended changes. No potential public health and safety concerns were identified. Therefore, on the basis of all the available evidence, including detailed studies provided by the Applicant, it has bee ...
... (iii) the composition and nutritional adequacy of the food, including whether there had been any unintended changes. No potential public health and safety concerns were identified. Therefore, on the basis of all the available evidence, including detailed studies provided by the Applicant, it has bee ...
A1060 GM Corn Line 5307 AppR SD1 Safety Assess
... This safety assessment report addresses food safety and nutritional issues. It does not address potential environmental risks related to the environmental release of GM plants used in food production, or the safety of animal feed or food products derived from animals fed with GM feed. ...
... This safety assessment report addresses food safety and nutritional issues. It does not address potential environmental risks related to the environmental release of GM plants used in food production, or the safety of animal feed or food products derived from animals fed with GM feed. ...
4. Characterisation of novel proteins
... This safety assessment report addresses food safety and nutritional issues. It does not address potential environmental risks related to the environmental release of GM plants used in food production, or the safety of animal feed or food products derived from animals fed with GM feed. ...
... This safety assessment report addresses food safety and nutritional issues. It does not address potential environmental risks related to the environmental release of GM plants used in food production, or the safety of animal feed or food products derived from animals fed with GM feed. ...
C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anaerobic
... Embden-Meyerhof scheme, first proposed by Grant and Fulton (1$). Under anaerobic conditions however, when equimolar quantities of pyruvate and glycerol are produced (12,14), reservations have been expressed as to the validity of this pathway (15,16). Aerobically, pyruvate is considered to be the exc ...
... Embden-Meyerhof scheme, first proposed by Grant and Fulton (1$). Under anaerobic conditions however, when equimolar quantities of pyruvate and glycerol are produced (12,14), reservations have been expressed as to the validity of this pathway (15,16). Aerobically, pyruvate is considered to be the exc ...
Maillard Browning in Ethanolic Solution
... he Maillard reaction is a class of nonenzymatic browning that involves the interaction of reducing sugars and free amino acids or a free amino group of an amino acid that is a part of the protein chain (BeMiller and Whistler 1996). The factors that influence the rate of the Maillard reaction in the ...
... he Maillard reaction is a class of nonenzymatic browning that involves the interaction of reducing sugars and free amino acids or a free amino group of an amino acid that is a part of the protein chain (BeMiller and Whistler 1996). The factors that influence the rate of the Maillard reaction in the ...
4. Power: Pathways that make ATP
... The head part of the molecule is called flavin and it is shown above. It is where the action occurs – what changes during the chemical reaction. The big tail of FAD, like the tail of NAD, helps to hold these molecules in the proper location in the enzymes that use them. Our bodies have enzymes that ...
... The head part of the molecule is called flavin and it is shown above. It is where the action occurs – what changes during the chemical reaction. The big tail of FAD, like the tail of NAD, helps to hold these molecules in the proper location in the enzymes that use them. Our bodies have enzymes that ...
Document
... Catabolic reactions are organized as • Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis breaks down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. • Stage 2: Degradation break down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. • Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electr ...
... Catabolic reactions are organized as • Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis breaks down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. • Stage 2: Degradation break down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. • Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electr ...
Taurine 10 sample chapter
... able to prevent pancreatic alterations induced by gestational malnutrition especially low-protein diet (Dahri et al. 1991; Cherif et al. 1996; Merezak et al. 2001; Boujendar et al. 2002). In addition, taurine administration during gestation delays the mean onset time of diabetes in NOD mice (Arany e ...
... able to prevent pancreatic alterations induced by gestational malnutrition especially low-protein diet (Dahri et al. 1991; Cherif et al. 1996; Merezak et al. 2001; Boujendar et al. 2002). In addition, taurine administration during gestation delays the mean onset time of diabetes in NOD mice (Arany e ...
Glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT)
... Glucose is a key fuel in mammals and an important metabolic substrate. It is obtained directly from the diet, principally following the hydrolysis of ingested disaccharides and polysaccharides, and by synthesis from other substrates in organs such as the liver. Glucose derived from the diet is trans ...
... Glucose is a key fuel in mammals and an important metabolic substrate. It is obtained directly from the diet, principally following the hydrolysis of ingested disaccharides and polysaccharides, and by synthesis from other substrates in organs such as the liver. Glucose derived from the diet is trans ...
PLP-dependent Enzymes: a Powerful Tool for - Beilstein
... On the basis of the available structural information, it is generally accepted that PLPdependent enzymes originated very early in the evolution (before the three biological kingdoms diverged, some 1500 million years ago) from different protein ancestors, which generated at least five independent fam ...
... On the basis of the available structural information, it is generally accepted that PLPdependent enzymes originated very early in the evolution (before the three biological kingdoms diverged, some 1500 million years ago) from different protein ancestors, which generated at least five independent fam ...
Energy „flow” in the organism
... Traditionally, pemmican was prepared from the lean meat of large game such as buffalo, elk or deer. The meat was cut in thin slices and dried over a slow fire, or in the hot sun until it was hard and brittle. Then it was pounded into very small pieces, almost powder-like in consistency, using stones ...
... Traditionally, pemmican was prepared from the lean meat of large game such as buffalo, elk or deer. The meat was cut in thin slices and dried over a slow fire, or in the hot sun until it was hard and brittle. Then it was pounded into very small pieces, almost powder-like in consistency, using stones ...
CHAPTER 1 1.1 Introduction In many developing countries, herbal
... (Kamboj, 2000). This is supported by literature in behavioural and pharmacological sciences with animals and people using a number of different plants for the control of disease symptoms and related illnesses in their environment (Hart, 2004; Cousins and Huffman, 2002). One of such disorder is diabe ...
... (Kamboj, 2000). This is supported by literature in behavioural and pharmacological sciences with animals and people using a number of different plants for the control of disease symptoms and related illnesses in their environment (Hart, 2004; Cousins and Huffman, 2002). One of such disorder is diabe ...
The Glucose/Fatty Acid Cycle 1963–2003
... the effect of fatty acids upon glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is biphasic. Initially fatty acids potentiate the effects of glucose. After some hours of prolonged exposure to high fatty acid concentrations (somewhere between 12 and 24 h) this changes to an inhibition [10]. Since prolonged high ...
... the effect of fatty acids upon glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is biphasic. Initially fatty acids potentiate the effects of glucose. After some hours of prolonged exposure to high fatty acid concentrations (somewhere between 12 and 24 h) this changes to an inhibition [10]. Since prolonged high ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.