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Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules

... • Look around you. What are some specific examples of carbohydrates that are in this room right now? • List some specific carbohydrates that you ate for breakfast. Not the foods that they were in – name the carbohydrates ...
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... 2. RNA that carries information in groups of three nucleotides called codons, and each codon codes for a specific amino acid. 3. RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a specific amino acid. 4. This process involves the synthesis of polypeptide chains at the ribosome in response to the information c ...
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... eliminates transcription of either TgCYC2 or TgMAT1. It is possible that a quantitative assay like the one we used for Tg143-3σ might yet reveal evidence of transcriptional regulation of these genes. Figure 2: TgMAT1. A RT-PCR product of 177 base pairs was expected if mRNA for TgMAT1 was present in ...
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... 5. Organelle: a small structure that does a certain job. 6. Cell wall: a stiff covering outside the cell membrane of a plant cell. 7. Chloroplast: an organelle in plant cells that uses light energy to make food. 8. Single-celled: made up of only one cell. 9. Bacteria: single-celled organisms that do ...
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... Glucose and Amino acids are absorbed into the epithelial cells and then pass directly into the blood capillary. Fat products pass into the epithelial cells and then pass into the central lacteal. Calcium, iron and vitamin B12 are also absorbed through the epithelium of the small intestine. B12 requi ...
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Signal transduction mechanisms in plants: An overview

... annexins have intrinsic ATPase activity38-40. There is a cotton fiber annexin which binds to and hydrolyses GTP more efficiently than ATP, and this activity was mapped to the fourth structural repeat41. Interestingly, GTP was shown to strongly inhibit the annexin/Ca2+dependent exocytosis in the maiz ...
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... A specific sequence of three amino acids located at the C-terminus of many peroxisomal proteins functions as an import signal. Other peroxisomal proteins contain a signal sequence near the N terminus. If either of these sequences is experimentally attached to a cytosolic protein, the protein is impo ...
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Signal transduction



Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.
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