Geranylgeranylated Proteins are Involved in the Regulation of
... migration, cytoskeletal reorganization, stimulation of cell proliferation, and survival. Activating Ras mutations are frequently detected in myeloma (15 – 17) and contribute to reduced apoptosis (18, 19), increased cell proliferation (18, 19), and an adverse clinical outcome (15, 17). Rac-1, Cdc42, ...
... migration, cytoskeletal reorganization, stimulation of cell proliferation, and survival. Activating Ras mutations are frequently detected in myeloma (15 – 17) and contribute to reduced apoptosis (18, 19), increased cell proliferation (18, 19), and an adverse clinical outcome (15, 17). Rac-1, Cdc42, ...
Signalling in Plant Lateral Organ Development
... patch also disrupt asymmetric division and fate (Gallagher and Smith, 2000). While ability of position to override effects of cell lineage largely obscures any role of inherited cell identity, there is overwhelming evidence for cell–cell interactions in re-specifying displaced cell fate. Cell–cell i ...
... patch also disrupt asymmetric division and fate (Gallagher and Smith, 2000). While ability of position to override effects of cell lineage largely obscures any role of inherited cell identity, there is overwhelming evidence for cell–cell interactions in re-specifying displaced cell fate. Cell–cell i ...
Common Docking Domain in Progesterone Receptor
... nucleus. After ligand binding, however, PR undergoes dimerization and is retained in the nucleus. Nuclear PR, together with coactivators and corepressors, activates or represses transcription of PR target genes, either directly through DNA binding to progesterone response elements (PREs) or indirect ...
... nucleus. After ligand binding, however, PR undergoes dimerization and is retained in the nucleus. Nuclear PR, together with coactivators and corepressors, activates or represses transcription of PR target genes, either directly through DNA binding to progesterone response elements (PREs) or indirect ...
Differentiation of primordial germ cells in the
... dense lamellar bodies, varying greatly in size (Figs. 17, 19), and lipid droplets but in some cases the two structures are hard to distinguish. Images of the structures whose periphery is made up of electron-opaque lamellae and the interior filled up with lipid suggest that lamellar bodies may turn ...
... dense lamellar bodies, varying greatly in size (Figs. 17, 19), and lipid droplets but in some cases the two structures are hard to distinguish. Images of the structures whose periphery is made up of electron-opaque lamellae and the interior filled up with lipid suggest that lamellar bodies may turn ...
PD-1 promotes immune exhaustion by inducing antiviral T cell
... TCR transgenic (tg) CD8+ T cells (CFP+ P14 cells) and 5,000 GFP-tagged I-AbGP61-80 TCR-tg CD4+ T cells (GFP+ SMARTA cells) into B6 mice 1 d before i.v. inoculation with LCMV Armstrong (Arm) or clone 13 (CL13). After i.v. inocu lation, the spleen is rapidly infected by both viruses; however, only CL ...
... TCR transgenic (tg) CD8+ T cells (CFP+ P14 cells) and 5,000 GFP-tagged I-AbGP61-80 TCR-tg CD4+ T cells (GFP+ SMARTA cells) into B6 mice 1 d before i.v. inoculation with LCMV Armstrong (Arm) or clone 13 (CL13). After i.v. inocu lation, the spleen is rapidly infected by both viruses; however, only CL ...
Chapter 1 - Richsingiser.com
... prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and plant cells. It is important that if you are not familiar with these general features that you carefully read these tables. ...
... prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and plant cells. It is important that if you are not familiar with these general features that you carefully read these tables. ...
Neurons and the Nervous System
... • Changes in membrane potential occur because neurons contain gated ion channels that open or close in response to stimuli • When gated K+ channels open, K+ diffuses out, making the inside of the cell more negative • This is hyperpolarization, an increase in magnitude of the membrane potential • ...
... • Changes in membrane potential occur because neurons contain gated ion channels that open or close in response to stimuli • When gated K+ channels open, K+ diffuses out, making the inside of the cell more negative • This is hyperpolarization, an increase in magnitude of the membrane potential • ...
Type I Alveolar Epithelial Cells Mount Innate Immune
... than constitutively expressed surfactant proteins, it is unknown whether alveolar epithelial cells have distinct roles in innate immunity. Because innate immunity gene induction depends on NF-kB RelA (also known as p65) during pneumonia, we generated a murine model of RelA mutated throughout the alv ...
... than constitutively expressed surfactant proteins, it is unknown whether alveolar epithelial cells have distinct roles in innate immunity. Because innate immunity gene induction depends on NF-kB RelA (also known as p65) during pneumonia, we generated a murine model of RelA mutated throughout the alv ...
... thus depending exclusively on dietary Arg. High levels of dietary lysine (Lys) increase the demand for Arg because of the antagonistic relationship between these amino acids. The Arg-Lys antagonism promotes an expressive increase in the renal Arg activity and consequently induces the degradation of ...
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to
... Here, we report a general method for post-translational, covalent labeling of cell surface exposed transgenic proteins using all-genetically encoded components. This method specifically and quantitatively labels membrane proteins in living cells without affecting cell viability, and therefore enable ...
... Here, we report a general method for post-translational, covalent labeling of cell surface exposed transgenic proteins using all-genetically encoded components. This method specifically and quantitatively labels membrane proteins in living cells without affecting cell viability, and therefore enable ...
Structure–function relationships during secondary phloem
... Although primary growth participates in the early development of seedlings, much growth at later stages, particularly in dicotyledon perennial species, is provided by secondary meristems, such as the vascular cambium, and the tissues that they produce. Recently, considerable success in understanding ...
... Although primary growth participates in the early development of seedlings, much growth at later stages, particularly in dicotyledon perennial species, is provided by secondary meristems, such as the vascular cambium, and the tissues that they produce. Recently, considerable success in understanding ...
Mechanism of Phagocytosis in Phagocytosis is Mediated by
... The major experimental difficulty in measuring initial rates of phagocytosis is to find a rapid procedure to separate quantitatively cells containing ingested material from the bulk of uningested material . Separation by differential centrifugation, the procedure usually applied, is tedious and inco ...
... The major experimental difficulty in measuring initial rates of phagocytosis is to find a rapid procedure to separate quantitatively cells containing ingested material from the bulk of uningested material . Separation by differential centrifugation, the procedure usually applied, is tedious and inco ...
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces DU145 Cell Cycle Arrest through
... Background/Aims: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the active form of vitamin A, plays an important role in the growth arrest of numerous types of cancer cells. It has been indicated that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity can be affected by ATRA treatment. Our previous results demonstrate the ...
... Background/Aims: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the active form of vitamin A, plays an important role in the growth arrest of numerous types of cancer cells. It has been indicated that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity can be affected by ATRA treatment. Our previous results demonstrate the ...
Oncogenic ras-driven cancer cell vesiculation leads to emission of
... Extracellular vesicles contain double-stranded genomic DNA sequences including oncogenic Hras. While oncogenic mutations lead to EV-mediated emission of corresponding oncoproteins and transcripts [2,6,9], it is unclear whether this is also true for DNA. To address this question, we isolated DNA from ...
... Extracellular vesicles contain double-stranded genomic DNA sequences including oncogenic Hras. While oncogenic mutations lead to EV-mediated emission of corresponding oncoproteins and transcripts [2,6,9], it is unclear whether this is also true for DNA. To address this question, we isolated DNA from ...
Full Text - Plant and Cell Physiology
... The oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall plays a crucial role in various plant functions such as cell growth, organ formation and defense responses. Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) embedded in the plasma membrane (PM), which comprise th ...
... The oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall plays a crucial role in various plant functions such as cell growth, organ formation and defense responses. Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) embedded in the plasma membrane (PM), which comprise th ...
Regulation of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase by η
... (Figure 1B). A further round of mass spectrometry using polη-K682R revealed a second ubiquitination site at lysine 709, but a double mutant again did not show a major decrease in its monoubiquitination status (Figure 1B). Interestingly, both lysine residues lie in a short fragment C-terminal to the ...
... (Figure 1B). A further round of mass spectrometry using polη-K682R revealed a second ubiquitination site at lysine 709, but a double mutant again did not show a major decrease in its monoubiquitination status (Figure 1B). Interestingly, both lysine residues lie in a short fragment C-terminal to the ...
Shield formation at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation
... rather than involution (Shih and Fraser, 1995). By contrast, studies in which the movements of cells within the forming shield were analyzed have demonstrated that mesendodermal progenitor cells at the germ ring margin involute as a continuous stream of cells (D’Amico and Cooper, 1997; D’Amico and C ...
... rather than involution (Shih and Fraser, 1995). By contrast, studies in which the movements of cells within the forming shield were analyzed have demonstrated that mesendodermal progenitor cells at the germ ring margin involute as a continuous stream of cells (D’Amico and Cooper, 1997; D’Amico and C ...
Control of the number of cell division rounds in distinct tissues
... embryogenesis, as revealed by a similar tracing study and by a study using a fluorescent ubiquitinationbased cell cycle indicator (Fucci). Nerve cord. The nerve cord is the neural tube posterior to the brain vesicle (see Fig. 2B). The average number of cell division rounds is 11.8 in the nerve cord ...
... embryogenesis, as revealed by a similar tracing study and by a study using a fluorescent ubiquitinationbased cell cycle indicator (Fucci). Nerve cord. The nerve cord is the neural tube posterior to the brain vesicle (see Fig. 2B). The average number of cell division rounds is 11.8 in the nerve cord ...
Shield formation at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation - MPI
... rather than involution (Shih and Fraser, 1995). By contrast, studies in which the movements of cells within the forming shield were analyzed have demonstrated that mesendodermal progenitor cells at the germ ring margin involute as a continuous stream of cells (D’Amico and Cooper, 1997; D’Amico and C ...
... rather than involution (Shih and Fraser, 1995). By contrast, studies in which the movements of cells within the forming shield were analyzed have demonstrated that mesendodermal progenitor cells at the germ ring margin involute as a continuous stream of cells (D’Amico and Cooper, 1997; D’Amico and C ...
The Sevenless signaling pathway
... velopment [52]. Recently, it has been shown that STY ful¢lls a more general role in RTK signaling and, in contrast to its nonautonomous function in tracheal development, acts in a cell-autonomous fashion in the eye to downregulate signaling from DER and SEV [53,54]. Based on the observation that STY ...
... velopment [52]. Recently, it has been shown that STY ful¢lls a more general role in RTK signaling and, in contrast to its nonautonomous function in tracheal development, acts in a cell-autonomous fashion in the eye to downregulate signaling from DER and SEV [53,54]. Based on the observation that STY ...
Early signaling events that underlie fate decisions of naive CD4 T
... when they encounter large amounts of foreign antigen that often lead to massive T-cell proliferation and could induce a dangerously high level of allergic sensitization. Early decision between Th17 and iTreg subset differentiation Th17 cells play an important role in protection from bacterial and fu ...
... when they encounter large amounts of foreign antigen that often lead to massive T-cell proliferation and could induce a dangerously high level of allergic sensitization. Early decision between Th17 and iTreg subset differentiation Th17 cells play an important role in protection from bacterial and fu ...
File - wHOOSe Learning
... concepts developed at the fifth-grade level. It is also intended that by developing these skills, students will achieve a greater understanding of scientific inquiry and the nature of science and will more fully grasp the content-related concepts. Science assumes that the natural world is understand ...
... concepts developed at the fifth-grade level. It is also intended that by developing these skills, students will achieve a greater understanding of scientific inquiry and the nature of science and will more fully grasp the content-related concepts. Science assumes that the natural world is understand ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.