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cells
cells

... The Cell Theory • Robert Hooke – 1665 -observed cork through a light microscope • Anton Van Leewenhoek – 1675 -observed LIVING cells. • Matthias Schleiden – 1883 –all plants are made of cells. • Theodor Schwann – 1839 –all animals are made of cells • Rudolph Virchow-1855- all cells must come from ot ...
Plant Cell
Plant Cell

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rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant
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rapid and easy estimation of apoptotic cells for clinical diagnostics
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... sues and organs of the multicellular organism. Apoptosis is characterized by a sequence of distinct events ultimately lead ing to cell death, and is the major process responsible for the breakdown and elimination of cells in tissues and organs. In this way, apoptosis plays a crucial role in the re ...
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Cells: - SoulCare.ORG
Cells: - SoulCare.ORG

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Asexual Reproduction Content Practice A

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Cellular differentiation



In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.
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