(who | that) VP
... Evidences of constituency – The above NPs can all appear in similar syntactic environment, e.g., before, a verb. – Preposed or postposed constructions, e.g., the PP, on September seventeenth, can be placed in a number of different locations • On September seventeenth, I’d like to fly from Atlanta to ...
... Evidences of constituency – The above NPs can all appear in similar syntactic environment, e.g., before, a verb. – Preposed or postposed constructions, e.g., the PP, on September seventeenth, can be placed in a number of different locations • On September seventeenth, I’d like to fly from Atlanta to ...
Construction to be going to + Infinitive occupies a specific place in
... 5. Close R.A. The Future. London: Longman Group Limited, 1969 6. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2000 ...
... 5. Close R.A. The Future. London: Longman Group Limited, 1969 6. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2000 ...
Logical and typological arguments for Radical
... of a language form what Langacker calls a structured inventory (Langacker 1987:63-76) of a speaker’s knowledge of the conventions of their language. This inventory is widely characterized as a network (Lakoff 1987, Langacker 1987, Goldberg 1995). The network has (at least) taxonomic links—links of g ...
... of a language form what Langacker calls a structured inventory (Langacker 1987:63-76) of a speaker’s knowledge of the conventions of their language. This inventory is widely characterized as a network (Lakoff 1987, Langacker 1987, Goldberg 1995). The network has (at least) taxonomic links—links of g ...
Lecture 5 X-bar Theory and the Structure of the Sentence
... meaning of a lexical item unless we know the structure of a minimal phrase containing that lexical item. Thus, each lexical item is associated with a feature that specifies the structure of a minimal phrase containing it. These features [__] are called suncategorization features. They provide catego ...
... meaning of a lexical item unless we know the structure of a minimal phrase containing that lexical item. Thus, each lexical item is associated with a feature that specifies the structure of a minimal phrase containing it. These features [__] are called suncategorization features. They provide catego ...
Lecture 5
... Functional info comprises information about the function of the different parts of a phrase as well as a small set of axioms. For instance, a phrasal constituent may function as the subject of the verb and another as its object. At the axiomatic level, no predicate is allowed to have more than one s ...
... Functional info comprises information about the function of the different parts of a phrase as well as a small set of axioms. For instance, a phrasal constituent may function as the subject of the verb and another as its object. At the axiomatic level, no predicate is allowed to have more than one s ...
the semantics and exegetical significance of the object
... is a critical issue; but there are others. Among them is the relation of structure to semantics. This is a problem area because most grammars are satisfied with presenting the structural phenomena of the NT in a descriptive manner (i.e., a mere tagging of structures as belonging to certain syntactic ...
... is a critical issue; but there are others. Among them is the relation of structure to semantics. This is a problem area because most grammars are satisfied with presenting the structural phenomena of the NT in a descriptive manner (i.e., a mere tagging of structures as belonging to certain syntactic ...
Grace Theological Journal 6
... is a critical issue; but there are others. Among them is the relation of structure to semantics. This is a problem area because most grammars are satisfied with presenting the structural phenomena of the NT in a descriptive manner (i.e., a mere tagging of structures as belonging to certain syntactic ...
... is a critical issue; but there are others. Among them is the relation of structure to semantics. This is a problem area because most grammars are satisfied with presenting the structural phenomena of the NT in a descriptive manner (i.e., a mere tagging of structures as belonging to certain syntactic ...
Statistical learning of grammars
... Statistical learning extracts more information from input Curse of dimensionality: something must guide learner to focus on correct generalizations Stochastic versions of most kinds of grammar Statistical grammar learning combines: I I ...
... Statistical learning extracts more information from input Curse of dimensionality: something must guide learner to focus on correct generalizations Stochastic versions of most kinds of grammar Statistical grammar learning combines: I I ...
Understanding English Grammar - Assets
... University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. ...
... University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. ...
1 Construction Morphology and the Parallel Architecture of grammar
... particular language construct. Correspondence relations may also be referred to as interface relations. In the default case, the lexical specification of a word comprises these three levels; hence, each word is a specification of interfaces between three pieces of information. The same holds for con ...
... particular language construct. Correspondence relations may also be referred to as interface relations. In the default case, the lexical specification of a word comprises these three levels; hence, each word is a specification of interfaces between three pieces of information. The same holds for con ...
WRL0005.tmp - Princeton University
... arguments, should have any direct relationship to conventional pragmatics. As Lambrecht (1995:159) observes, “the independence of semantic and pragmatic roles is an obvious consequence of the fact that information structure has to do with the USE OF SENTENCES, rather than the MEANING OF PROPOSITIONS ...
... arguments, should have any direct relationship to conventional pragmatics. As Lambrecht (1995:159) observes, “the independence of semantic and pragmatic roles is an obvious consequence of the fact that information structure has to do with the USE OF SENTENCES, rather than the MEANING OF PROPOSITIONS ...
A Brief way on Philosophy of Language: from Plato to Port
... Kahn (2013, p. 70) argues that “[…] the discussion of language in the Cratylus is governed by this parallel between naming and describing, a parallel reinforced by the fact in Greek the term onoma means both name and word”. The correctness principle is that the name should reveal what the thing actu ...
... Kahn (2013, p. 70) argues that “[…] the discussion of language in the Cratylus is governed by this parallel between naming and describing, a parallel reinforced by the fact in Greek the term onoma means both name and word”. The correctness principle is that the name should reveal what the thing actu ...
Warm-Ups
... Rewrite this paragraph using the first-person point of view. Lewis agreed. As co-leader, he chose William Clark, who had once been his commanding officer in the army. On their journey, they would explore ways of opening the fur trade. They would try to find a water route across the continent that wo ...
... Rewrite this paragraph using the first-person point of view. Lewis agreed. As co-leader, he chose William Clark, who had once been his commanding officer in the army. On their journey, they would explore ways of opening the fur trade. They would try to find a water route across the continent that wo ...
A Left-Branching Grammar Design for Incremental Parsing
... system (Copestake, 2002), which is a grammar development environment mainly used to implement HPSG grammars. It is a bottom up parser that employs phrase structure rules. All grammatical objects are expressed as typed feature structures (Carpenter, 1992). The implemented grammar has much of the feat ...
... system (Copestake, 2002), which is a grammar development environment mainly used to implement HPSG grammars. It is a bottom up parser that employs phrase structure rules. All grammatical objects are expressed as typed feature structures (Carpenter, 1992). The implemented grammar has much of the feat ...
An Introduction to Cognitive Grammar RONALD
... on autonomous formal systems, but that is not a legitimate argument against its validity. What occupies the lowest level in conceptual hierarchies? I am neutral in regard to the possible existence of conceptual primitives. It is however necessary to posit a number of “basic domains,” that is, cognit ...
... on autonomous formal systems, but that is not a legitimate argument against its validity. What occupies the lowest level in conceptual hierarchies? I am neutral in regard to the possible existence of conceptual primitives. It is however necessary to posit a number of “basic domains,” that is, cognit ...
Reviews Assibi Amidu, Objects and Complements in Kiswahili
... The book was published as part of series Grammatical Analyses of African Languages edited by Wilhelm J.G. Möhlig and Bernd Heine. The Author, renowned for his long interest in Swahili morphology and syntax, once again as expected, raises a point of adequacy of traditional grammatical descriptions to ...
... The book was published as part of series Grammatical Analyses of African Languages edited by Wilhelm J.G. Möhlig and Bernd Heine. The Author, renowned for his long interest in Swahili morphology and syntax, once again as expected, raises a point of adequacy of traditional grammatical descriptions to ...
prepositional phrase
... beads, hung across the open door into the bar, to keep out flies. The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went on to Madrid. ...
... beads, hung across the open door into the bar, to keep out flies. The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went on to Madrid. ...
Ірина Янкова м. Київ Rendering the meaning of nonequivalent
... a translator faces a number of difficulties associated with correct interpretation of this or that grammatical phenomena of the original in the target language. Correlation of translation analyses reveals that besides a number of linguistic units in the original language which have a single or multi ...
... a translator faces a number of difficulties associated with correct interpretation of this or that grammatical phenomena of the original in the target language. Correlation of translation analyses reveals that besides a number of linguistic units in the original language which have a single or multi ...
Syntax, Psychology of
... At the Interface With Language Processing Ambiguity has been a particularly important theme at the interface of language processing and syntax. How do speakers, when confronted with an ambiguous sentence like (i), choose a meaning in context? There are three main lines of thought: The first, most c ...
... At the Interface With Language Processing Ambiguity has been a particularly important theme at the interface of language processing and syntax. How do speakers, when confronted with an ambiguous sentence like (i), choose a meaning in context? There are three main lines of thought: The first, most c ...
Some Additional Topics
... and how it evolves over time • Goal of Generative Linguistics: produce a model (grammar) that generates sentences in a given language L that reflect the structure as recognized by a human speaker of language L • Turing Test for Linguistics: a model passes the test if the sentences it generates are r ...
... and how it evolves over time • Goal of Generative Linguistics: produce a model (grammar) that generates sentences in a given language L that reflect the structure as recognized by a human speaker of language L • Turing Test for Linguistics: a model passes the test if the sentences it generates are r ...
An Algebraic Approach to Equivalence
... choice of S R. If S(I) generates a terminal string, then S is called a rule chain. Postulate P4. Every rule of R appears on at least one chain. From P3, circuit formation if prohibited because no S can generate its self. Note that R can contain any number of duplicate rules R. ...
... choice of S R. If S(I) generates a terminal string, then S is called a rule chain. Postulate P4. Every rule of R appears on at least one chain. From P3, circuit formation if prohibited because no S can generate its self. Note that R can contain any number of duplicate rules R. ...
lab_parsing
... In the lectures we only discussed one formalism for describing grammars: Context Free Grammar (CFG). Dependency grammar is another formalism to achieve the same goal which developed at about the same time as CFG and has always been very popular in Computational Linguistics. The basic idea of Depende ...
... In the lectures we only discussed one formalism for describing grammars: Context Free Grammar (CFG). Dependency grammar is another formalism to achieve the same goal which developed at about the same time as CFG and has always been very popular in Computational Linguistics. The basic idea of Depende ...
probabilistic lexicalized context-free grammars
... understanding task. Probabilistic parsing is a key contribution to disambiguation. Choose the most probable parse as the answer, so simple. However, additionally, using the help of subcategorization and lexical dependency information and so of probabilistic lexicalized context-free grammars (PLCFG) ...
... understanding task. Probabilistic parsing is a key contribution to disambiguation. Choose the most probable parse as the answer, so simple. However, additionally, using the help of subcategorization and lexical dependency information and so of probabilistic lexicalized context-free grammars (PLCFG) ...
I256: Applied Natural Language Processing
... • Rewrite rules – Category category* (i.e. the symbol on the left side can be rewritten as the sequence of symbols on the right side) – Start symbol is S (for sentence) ...
... • Rewrite rules – Category category* (i.e. the symbol on the left side can be rewritten as the sequence of symbols on the right side) – Start symbol is S (for sentence) ...
ppt
... Are n-gram models enough? Can we make a list of (say) 3-grams that combine into all the grammatical sentences of English? Ok, how about only the grammatical sentences? How about all and only? ...
... Are n-gram models enough? Can we make a list of (say) 3-grams that combine into all the grammatical sentences of English? Ok, how about only the grammatical sentences? How about all and only? ...